Chapter 9 Flashcards
What limits the power of the gov’t and protects the rights of the individual?
Bill of rights
What amendments make up the Bill of Rights?
The first ten
What is the difference between a law and an amendment?
An amendment is a change to the constitution
How does an amendment get proposed?
By 2/3 of congress
How does an amendment then get ratified?
By 3/4 of state legislatures
What five civil liberties does the 1st Amendment protect?
Freedom of Speech, assembly, press, and petition the government
What does the 2nd Amendment give you the right to own?
Weapons
What does the 4th Amendment protect you from? (Placed as a result of the Sugar Act)
Unreasonable seizures and searches without probable cause.
What Amendment is important for people accused of committing crimes?
Fifth
According to the 5th Amendment, natural rights cannot be taken away without what?
Process of law
What amendment gives you the right to a speedy, public trial by an impartial jury?
Sixth
What does the 9th Amendment keep the government from doing?
From claiming the bill of rights is the only rights citizens have
What was given power in the 10th Amendment for protection?
National government
Who were the first President and Vice President in American history?
George Washington and John Adams
What did each department of the Executive Branch deal with?
State Department
Treasury Department
War Department
State: relations with other nations
Treasury: financial matters
War: nations defense
Who makes up the cabinet of the President?
Secretary of State, secretary of treasury, secretary of war
Who was the first Secretary of State and Secretary of Treasury?
Thomas Jefferson: Secretary of State
Alexander Hamilton: secretary of treasury
What job title did Alexander Hamilton hold?
Secretary of treasury
What act established a federal court system?
Judiciary act of 1789
What could federal courts do to state laws if deemed necessary?
Over turn state laws
Who was John Jay?
1st Chief Justice of the Supreme Court
What is a national debt?
The amount the government owes
What did Alexander Hamilton want to do with state debts after the war?
The federal government would take care of the states debts from the war
What area in America was against his plan and why did they feel this way?
The south , they had to pay more their than fair share
Why did the South agree to accept Hamilton’s plan to lessen the national debt?
They got to put the capitol in the south
Why did Hamilton feel that it was ok for him to create a national bank?
He though it fell within the intent of the constitution
What is a tariff?
Taxes on imported goods
What was the Whiskey Rebellion?
A civil uprising against taxing power of the federal government
Why did Washington not want to run for a third term to the Presidency?
He did not want the president to be like a king
What are 3 aspects of the Federalist Party?
Favored strong government, rule by wealthy, loose interpretation of the constitution
What are 4 aspects of the Democratic-Republican Party?
State banks, state government, rule by people, strict interpretation of constitution
How did Washington feel about political parties?
He believed they divided people and kept the government from working together
What is favoring one side in a political decision?
Partisan
Before the Election of 1796, what was held for the first time to determine Presidential candidates?
Caucuses
What was the crisis with France involving three agents that tried to get money from America?
XYZ Affair
Why were three acts created after the XYZ Affair?
To protect the security of the nation and slow immigration
What was the Naturalization Act?
Required aliens to live in the US for 14 years before citizenship
What were the Alien Acts?
Allowed president to deport aliens
What was the Sedition Act?
A crime to speak or write false criticisms to weaken the government
What Amendment did the Sedition Act contradict?
The first amendment
