Chapter 9

Question 1

1. What does research tell us about victims and victimization of sexual crimes?

Answer 1

Rape and child sexual abuse were a major focus of the feminist movement in the 197s

Question 2

Male Sexual Assault

Answer 2

• Majority are raped by acquantices
  -less likely to report to the police if they are adults
  -less likely to result in penetration
  -1 out of every 10 are victims of rape
  most common rape age 4
  9-10% of rapes are male

Question 3

Female Assault

Answer 3

82% of juvenile rape are females
90% of adult rape are females
16-19 are 4x likely to be raped
18-24 are 3x times more likely to be raped

Question 4

Child Assault

Answer 4

• 84% forcible fondeling
• 46% forcible rape
• more likely to be male than female
  30. 6% age 5 or younger

Question 5

Which race is more likely to be raped?

Answer 5

White (64.5%)

Question 6

Most common age of victim ?

Answer 6

25-34

Question 7

Most common place of rape?

Answer 7

The victims home, 57% or relative/neighbors home

Question 8

What does the cost of being a victim include?

Answer 8

most common are fear and anxiety 
STDs
pregnancy
PTSD
Rape trauma syndrome
self blame

Question 9

Physical effects of being a victim?

Answer 9

sexually transmitted diseases
6% were assaulted with a weapon
pregnancy
25% were physically injured

Question 10

Psychological effects of being a victim?

Answer 10

Most common are fear and anxiety
PTSD
Long term negative psychological and emotional consequences

Question 11

Rape Trauma Syndrome?

Answer 11

Long term
Stages

Acute phase
Reorganization 
Rape and Rape prevention
Denial,
Anger
Grief
Depression
Taking action
Acceptance

Shock
Denial
integration

Question 12

Rape PTSD?

Answer 12

The likelihood of developing and severity of PTSD
Those sustained physical injury and those who perceived that their life was in danger have greater PTSD severity
The way others react to a rape victim relates to great PTSD severity

Question 13

What are the rape reform laws?

Answer 13

Rape Shield laws

Protecting sex-crime victims

Question 14

What are the rape shield laws?

Answer 14

are designed to protect the victims of sex crimes during criminal proceedings. With very limited exceptions, they prevent defendants from introducing evidence of victims’ sexual behavior, history, or reputation

Question 15

What are protecting sex-crime victims laws?

Answer 15

Rape laws to protect victims, change the public perceptions of both offenders and victims

Question 16

What was the rape kit initiative?

Answer 16

Testing rape kits can lead to new DNA matches in the criminal database, identification of serial rapists, and increased rates of arrest and prosecution of perpetrators, leading to improved public safety.

Question 17

Other Risks of victims of sexual assault

Answer 17

self blame
substance abuse
further sexual victimization

Question 18

What are some societal responses to victims of sexual assault?

Answer 18

Both male and female victims experience blame, more males than females

Question 19

What are the statutes of limitation laws?

Answer 19

In 1993, California enacted laws that permitted the prosecution of certain sex offenders even in cases where the statutes of limitations have passed.

Question 20

What are the challenges of the statutes of limitations?

Answer 20

Stogner v. California
Defendants have challenged rape shield laws on a variety of grounds
The evidentiary rules violate the right to confront one’s accuser and the right against self-incrimination

Question 21

How does the investigation happen?

Answer 21

look at flow chart on powerpoint

Question 22

Discretion of police

Answer 22

Patrol officers and detectives can determine the outcome of a complaint of sexual assault before it reaches the prosecutor

Types of offenses and victims’ characteristics influence how the police treat the case
Sex offenses accompanied by another crime such as robbery more likely to be cleared by arrest than sex offense is the only crime
The alcohol use may influence the way police perceive the case

Question 23

False reports

Answer 23

the true reasons for making false complaints are related to internal processes