Chapter 7 Flashcards
What is the scope of sexual exploitation of children?
26% of all Internet porn involved children
59% aged 12-17
28% aged 6-11
13% pre-school
Data on internet sexual exploitation of children?
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What is child pornography?
a form of child sexual abuse. Federal law defines child pornography as any visual depiction of sexually explicit conduct involving a minor (persons < 18 years old).
What are the types of child porn?
Indicative Nudist Erotica Posing Erotic posing Explicit erotic posing Explicit sexual activity Assault Gross assault Sadistic/bestiality
What is the federal definition of child porn?
Visual depiction (photo, film, video, digital)
Of sexually explicit conduct
Using minor (under 18) engaging in
OR
Digital or computer-generated image that is, or is indistinguishable from, a minor
OR
Created or modified to appear that identifiable minor is engaging in act
OR
Sex acts
Typologies of Internet sex offending
Browsers Private fantasizers Trawlers Non-secure collectors Secure collectors Groomers Physical abusers Producers Distributors
Moran’s Typology of Cyber
The majority of users (bottom of the pyramid) are “simple traders”
Then “open traders”
Next up “closed traders”
The peak of the pyramid “experts”
Types of Internet (Cyber) Sex Offenders
Possession, distribution, production or trading of child pornography (about 39%)
Sexual solicitation (25%)
Internet crimes against identified victims (about 39%)
Characteristics of internet sex offenders?
99% were male offenders
90% were white (different from child molester sample, a mixed ethnicities)
- Motives for Internet sex crimes?
motivated by a sexual interest in children, but not all are pedophiles
Solicitation offenders primarily target young adolescent females; so these offenders may have more in common with statutory sex offenders than with pedophiles
Fantasy driven
Difference between internet and offline sex offenders?
Cyber sex offenders: (p148)
More educated
Younger than the general sex offender population
Higher levels of victim empathy, self-control, sexual deviancy, psychological problems in adulthood, emotional loneliness, and score higher on fantasy scales
Lower levels of cognitive distortions, impulsivity, sexual offense convictions, impression management, and score lower on sexual attitudes toward children
Off-line sex offenders significantly more likely to be pedophile
Conventional contact sex offenders have a greater risk of sexual recidivism than online-only offenders
Victims of child pornography?
There are “sporting clubs” composed of parents who arrange for their children to appear in sexually oriented photographs
There are parents who swap photographs, videos, and films of their own children with other parents and commercial businesses for fun and profit [Holmes & Holmes p142]
Others (children) on the streets were taken in by adults, and then being intimidated into performing in child porn productions
- Recidivism rate for Internet sex offenders?
Some online offenders do escalate
Some studies found that in their samples, about 40% arrested internet offenders were “dual offenders”; 24% had actually attempted to meet a minor or sex (Laws 444)
Regulating child porn?
Many countries have passed laws and regulations on pornography in general, and child pornography in particular.
Popular cases regulating porn?
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