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Sex offenders and Crimes Midterm > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Why is the nature of defining sexual offenses so complex?

A

There is no single definition of sexual offending, but a wide range of offenses falling under the umbrella of “sex crime”

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2
Q

What kinds of sexual acts in the US can be defined as crimes ?

A

sexual acts with contact
sexual acts without contact
non-consensual
consensual

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3
Q

Legislation

A

legal norms based on age were not common until the 19th century, because proof of exact age and precise date of birth were often unavailable

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4
Q

What is the age of consent in the U.S.

A

16–18 years, use to be 10-12

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5
Q

What is the minimum legal age for marriage in the U.S>

A

varies by state, however with parents consent

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6
Q

What is the age difference provisions regarding statutory rape laws?

A

Sexual relationships between adults and juveniles who have not reached the age of consent; varies by state

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7
Q

What is the age difference provision regarding Statutory rape in CO?

A

Any actor who knowingly subjects another not his or her spouse to any sexual contact commits sexual assault on a child if the victim is less than fifteen years of age and the actor is at least four years older than the victim.

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8
Q

What are the variations of statutory rape laws across the nation?

A

Statutory rape laws – states different in the age of consent

States are different in the age-span or age-differential provisions

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9
Q

Definition of rape in CO?

A

Sex acts forced onto another person against their will or when the person is not able to give consent (either because of age or mental capability) is sexual assault in Colorado.

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10
Q

Is there a universal age of consent in the US, Colorado, as well as around the world?

A

No, each state differs and so does each country .

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11
Q

What are the laws on child sexual abuse?

A

The general features of sexual offenses can be applied to child (by legal definition, they are non-consenting persons); many states have also created additional provisions to protect children as victims

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12
Q

What are the laws on incest?

A

In the US incest is always a statutory offense, and have been prohibited since colonial time
In all states incest is a felony or, at the least, a high misdemeanour. Incestuous rape is frequently punishable with life imprisonment.
Incest between adults and juveniles under the age of consent is considered a form of child sexual abuse

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13
Q

What is the CO statute on child sexual abuse?

A

Sexual Assault on a Child by a Person in a Position of Trust in Denver is committedwhen someone in a positionof trust has any sexual contact with a child who is less than eighteen years of age.
(CRS 18-3-405),

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14
Q

What is the CO statute on incest?

A

The crime of Incest or Aggravated Incest is committed when a person has sexual contact or penetration with a relative (a child of the defendant who is under age of 21)
CRS 18-6-302 and 18-6-301

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15
Q

laws on incest across the nation?

A

In some other countries, incest between adults are legal
In all states incest is a felony or, at the least, a high misdemeanour. Incestuous rape is frequently punishable with life imprisonment.

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16
Q

Indecent exposure?

A

A person appears nude in public

Flashes one’s genitals or body parts to others

17
Q

What is the CO statute on the child exploitation?

A

To commit internet sexual exploitation of a child the actor must try to get the child to do any of the following while interacting with the actor through the Internet or other electronic means:
expose or touch his or her intimate parts,
expose or touch another person’s intimate parts, or
observe the actor’s intimate parts.
18-3-405.4.)

18
Q

Sex Trafficking

A

Sexual services exchanged for financial or other types
Sexual solicitation involves prostitution, online sexual relationship between adults and adolescents
Trafficked victims can be adults or minors, domestic, international

19
Q

Sexting

A

Text nude or semi-nude pictures of themselves to others

20
Q

CO statute on sexting

A

Some states specifically address teen sexting, others don’t; CO does not; so in Colorado, teens can be charged with significant crimes for sexting

21
Q

What are the primary data sources for sex crimes in the US?

A

SMART
NCANDS (National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System
UCR (Uniform Crime Reports)
NCVS (National Crime Victimization Survey)
NVAWS (National Violence Against Women Survey)
NISVS (National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey)
NatSCEV (National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence)

22
Q

What are the basic estimates of sex crimes and victims?

A

1/6 of women have been raped
17-22% of women have been victims of sexual assault
2-8% of men
74% of abused children know their abuser
The overall prevalence of sexual abuse of male children is 13%, and female children 30% to 40%

23
Q

What are some of the problems when reporting sex crimes?

A 
the offender is Black than White
the perpetrator was 12-14 years of age
there is more than one perpetrator
the perpetrator is a stranger
a weapon was present, particularly a firearm 
To prevent future violence
24
Q

What are some issues of reporting sex crimes and child sexual abuse?

A

Victim’s relationship with the perpetrator
73% victims did not disclose the abuse when the perpetrator was a relative or stepparent
Severity of abuse
More severe, less likely to be reported
Age of victims
The older the victim, less likely to report
FEAR

25
Q

Who are required to report child abuse by the federal government?

A

Social workers
ƒ Teachers, principals, and other school personnel
ƒ Physicians, nurses, and other health-care workers
ƒ Counselors, therapists, and other mental health professionals
ƒ Child care providers
ƒ Medical examiners or coroners
ƒ Law enforcement officers

26
Q

Sexual acts with contact?

A

Rape/sexual battery offenses/statutory rape
Sexual assault (unwanted touching, etc.)
Child sexual abuse
Incest offenses

27
Q

Sexual acts without contact?

A

Indecent exposure or public indecency acts
Viewing, possessing, or producing child pornography (Internet)
Sexting
Sexual solicitation or trafficking

28
Q

Non-consensual sexual acts?

A

For most non-consensual sexual offenses, there must be a lack of consent (victim) and intent (offender)

29
Q

Sexual offenses relative to a society’s culture?

A

True

30
Q

Historically, the age of consent for a sexual union was a matter for the family to decide, or a tribal custom. In most cases, this coincided with signs of puberty, menstruation for a woman and pubic hair for a man?

A

True

31
Q

Definition of Sexual crime in CO?

A

Physical crimes like Unlawful Sexual Contact, Incest or Aggravated Incest, Indecent Exposure
“Cyber” crimes like Internet Luring of a Child and Internet Sexual Exploitation of a Child.

32
Q

Definition of Statutory rape in CO?

A

is performing sexual acts on someone who is younger than the legal age of consent

33
Q

Age of consent in CO?

A

17

34
Q

Colorado was ranked in low in legislation of trafficking 2010?

A

True, in 2014 it was much higher

35
Q

Male victims are more likely to report ?

A

True

36
Q

What percentage of women do not report?

A

84%

37
Q

Who are required to report child abuse by the federal government in CO?

A

Social workers
ƒ Teachers, principals, and other school personnel
ƒ Physicians, nurses, and other health-care workers
ƒ Counselors, therapists, and other mental health professionals
ƒ Child care providers
ƒ Medical examiners or coroners
ƒ Law enforcement officers

Sex offenders and Crimes Midterm (10 decks)

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