Chapter 3

Question 1

What is the complex nature of sexual deviance and offending

Answer 1

There is no simple answer to why people sexually offend; so there is no single theory

Question 2

Sexual abuse is a learned behavior ?

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Is there an absolute sexual deviance?

Answer 3

no

Question 4

What did Kinsey believe when it comes to human sexuality?

Answer 4

“Normal” human sexuality is animal sexuality

Question 5

What are the 4 elements of normal sex?

Answer 5

fantasy
symbolism
ritualism
compulsion

Question 6

Fantasy element?

Answer 6

to be sexual, one must have a sexual fantasy. The forms vary from person to person.

Question 7

Symbolism element?

Answer 7

sex is very visual [fetishes, partialism]; we are also stimulated by visual sexual symbols

Question 8

Ritualism element?

Answer 8

Couples who have been together for a while likely to know intuitively when their partners are sexually receptive [including certain words, gestures, etc.]
For sex offenders, ritualism increases to addiction

Question 9

Compulsion element?

Answer 9

have to act out

Question 10

What is considered to be not normal sex?

Answer 10

• When an individual is sexually only when a certain fetish or partialism is present
• When compulsivity is so overwhelmingly potent that emotions and caring for the partner is missing
• When certain scripts must be followed, and any deviation from them is fatal to sexual functioning
• When fantasies center on the dehumanization, torture, or murder of hapless and helpless victims

Question 11

Standards for normal sex?

Answer 11

1. The statistical standard
2. The cultural standard
3. Religious Normalcy
4. The subjective standard

Question 12

Statistical standard?

Answer 12

(if 50% of the population practice a certain sexual behavior, it is then considered normal)

Question 13

Cultural standard?

Answer 13

he society’s norms and rules with changing sanctions that accommodate transgression of its rules, which takes the form of laws, statutes

Question 14

Religious Standard?

Answer 14

historically, religion has played an important and vital role in developing the value systems of societies and individuals

Question 15

Subjective standard?

Answer 15

the most important one in any person’s life. This standard legitimizes behavior in the way as statistical, cultural, and religious standards, but at a personal level.

Question 16

What are the 3 parts to human sex drive?

Answer 16

Biological (instinctive)
Physiological (functional)
Emotional (mental) – the manifestation of the culmination of our psychosexual development; the strongest of these 3 parts, accounting for 70% of the human sex drive

Question 17

What do the elements of the human sex drive become?

Answer 17

one socio-sexual template of sexual values and behavior

Question 18

What is the Arousal and response system is affected by?

Answer 18

Hormones
Brain’s recall of pleasurable arousal
Fantasies
Emotions
Various sensory processes
Level of intimacy between 2 people

Question 19

What are the Biological theories of sexual behavior?

Answer 19

testosterone and aggression
But most biological theorists believe – even when a hormonal imbalance is present, it has to be triggered by environmental and social learning factors in order for sexual aggression to occur

Question 20

What is Neurophysiological functioning?

Answer 20

often acquired as early as the prenatal stages or through birth defects – affect decision-making and impulse control
reduced neurophysiological or brain functioning may impact offending propensity

Question 21

What are the issues surrounding paraphilia?

Answer 21

The issues are that a paraphilia’s can range from fetishes to even murder ;

Question 22

What is Exhibitionism?

Answer 22

displaying one’s genitals in public

Question 23

Frotteurism

Answer 23

rubbing, usually one’s pelvic area or erect penis, against a non-consenting person for sexual pleasure

Question 24

Voyeurism

Answer 24

peeping; nudity; indecent exposure of genital areas; sex acts

Question 25

Fetishism

Answer 25

sexual attraction to non living objects

Question 26

Transvestic fetishism

Answer 26

cross dressing

Question 27

Sexual masochism

Answer 27

the act of being humiliated

Question 28

Cognitive-behavioral theories ?

Answer 28

sex offenders legitimize their behavior and the behavior of others through cognitive distortions (CDs)

Question 29

Deviant sexual behavior

Answer 29

is a learning condition, acquired through the same mechanisms by which conventional sexuality is learned

Question 30

What are common CD’s for predators?

Answer 30

Children are sexual objects
They are entitled to the sexual behavior
The offender has a lack of control
Sexual behavior is not harmful

Question 31

Attachment theory

Answer 31

Human beings have a propensity to establish strong emotional ties with others; infants are genetically predisposed to promote survival behaviors that enhance proximity to the caregiver in times of need

Question 32

Routine Activities (RAT)

Answer 32

Focuses on the criminal event, not the individual risk

A proactive response to sexual offender re-offending

Question 33

Social Learning Theory

Answer 33

Focuses on offenders learn to commit sex crimes from cues in the larger society

Question 34

Differential Association Theory

Answer 34

Individuals learn the techniques, values, and attitudes from interacting with other criminals

Question 35

Neutralization Theory

Answer 35

Denial of responsibility
Denial of injury
Denial of victim

Question 36

Feminist Theories

Answer 36

Primarily focus on rape

Analyzed rape from a cultural, political, social and historical perspectives