Chapter 9

Question 1

What is puberty

Answer 1

the time between the first onrush of hormones and full adult physical development

Question 2

When does puberty usually take place?

Answer 2

9-14 years old

Question 3

How long does puberty last?

Answer 3

3-5 years

Question 4

when is puberty observable in girls?

Answer 4

nipple growth, pubic hairs, growth spurt, widening of hips, period, full pubic-hair pattern, breast maturation

Question 5

What is the average age for menarche

Answer 5

12 years 8 months

Question 6

Menarche

Answer 6

girl’s first observable menstrual period – SHE STARTED OVULATING D:

Question 7

when is puberty observable in boys?

Answer 7

testicals, initial pubic-hair growth, growth of penis, first ejaculation, appearance of facial hair, peak growth spurt, deepening of voice, final pubic hair growth

Question 8

Spermarche

Answer 8

boy’s first ejaculation of sperm

Question 9

average age for spermarche

Answer 9

13

Question 10

What is the first real change of puberty?

Answer 10

increase in hormones

Question 11

what are hormones

Answer 11

chemicals that regulate hunger, sleep, moods, stress, sexual desire, immunity, reproduction and many other bodily reactions

Question 12

What part gets signals for changes to begin

Answer 12

hypothalamus signals the pituitary

Question 13

Pituitary

Answer 13

gland in the brain that responds to a signal from the hypothalamus by producing many hormones

Question 14

What do the hormones produced by the pituitary stimulate to produce

Answer 14

adrenal glands to produce epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 15

HPA/HPG Axis

Answer 15

Hypothalamus-pituitiary-adrenal/gonad axis is a sequence of hormone production that originates in the hypothalamus, moves to pituitary and then ends in gonads/adrenal

Question 16

GnRH (gonadotropic)

Answer 16

activated gonads

Question 17

estradiol

Answer 17

chief estrogen in females (same amount as men)

Question 18

testosterone

Answer 18

androgens (much more in males)

Question 19

primary sex characteristics

Answer 19

directly involve conception and pregnancy

Question 20

secondary sex characteristics

Answer 20

bodily features that do not directly affect fertility

Question 21

circadian rhythm

Answer 21

day-night cycle that occurs approximately every 24 hrs

Question 22

Adolescent egocentrism

Answer 22

characteristic of adolescent thinking that leads young people (10-13) to focus on themrlseves to the exclusion of others

Question 23

analytic thought

Answer 23

thought resulting from analysis, such as systematic ranking of pros and cons, risks and consequences and possibilities and facts.
dependent on logic and rationality

Question 24

anorexia nervosa

Answer 24

eating disorder characterised by severe calorie restriction or a cycle of bingeing and purging - can lead to organ failure and suicide for 15-20%

BMI of

Question 25

Bulimia nervose

Answer 25

compulsive overeating eating thousands of calories within an hour or two and then purging by omitting or using laxatives or diuretics

Question 26

Deductive Reasoning aka top-down processing

Answer 26

reasoning from a general statement, premise or principle, through logical steps, to figure out specifics

Question 27

dual process model

Answer 27

notion that two networks exists within the human brain - emotional and analytical processing of stimuli

Question 28

entity approach to intelligence

Answer 28

sees ability as innate, a fixed quantity present at birth; those who hold this view do not believe that effort enhances achievement

Question 29

limbic system (including amygdala)

Answer 29

intense fear and excitement

Question 30

PFC

Answer 30

instinctual and emotional areas the adolescent brain develops ahead of reflective, analytics areas

Question 31

estradiol

Answer 31

a sex hormone, considered the chief estrogen. Females produce much more estradiol than males do

Question 32

formal operational thought

Answer 32

in piaget’s theory, the fourth and final stage of cognitive development, characterized by more systematic logical thinking and by the ability to understand and systematically manipulate abstract concepts

Question 33

adolescent egocentrism

Answer 33

when they think intensely about themselves and what others see of them

Question 34

imaginary audience

Answer 34

believe that they are centre stage wth all eyes on them

Question 35

incremental approach to intelligence

Answer 35

intelligence can be directly increased by effort
- those who subscribe to this view believe they can master whatever they seek to learn if they pay attention, participate in class, study etc.

Question 36

inductive reason aka bottom up reasoning

Answer 36

reasoning from one or more specific experiences/facts to reach (induce) a general conclusion

Question 37

Invincibility fable

Answer 37

an adolescent’s egocentric conviction that he or she can’t be overcome or even harmed by anything that might defeat a normal mortal, such as unprotected sex, drug abuse, or high-speed driving

Question 38

personal fable

Answer 38

belief that one is unique and destined to have a heroic, fabled eve legendary life

Question 39

hypothetical thought

Answer 39

reasoning about if-then propositions that do not reflect reality

Question 40

5 clusters in the Career and Technology Studies

Answer 40

business/finance, health/recreation, media/design, natural resources, trades/manufacturing

Question 41

benefits of adolescent brain development

Answer 41

increased myelination and slower inhibition, reactions become lightening fast
synaptic growth enhances goal development
egocentrism protects the self each time an individual enters a new env context or life situation