Chapter 9 Flashcards
What is puberty
the time between the first onrush of hormones and full adult physical development
When does puberty usually take place?
9-14 years old
How long does puberty last?
3-5 years
when is puberty observable in girls?
nipple growth, pubic hairs, growth spurt, widening of hips, period, full pubic-hair pattern, breast maturation
What is the average age for menarche
12 years 8 months
Menarche
girl’s first observable menstrual period – SHE STARTED OVULATING D:
when is puberty observable in boys?
testicals, initial pubic-hair growth, growth of penis, first ejaculation, appearance of facial hair, peak growth spurt, deepening of voice, final pubic hair growth
Spermarche
boy’s first ejaculation of sperm
average age for spermarche
13
What is the first real change of puberty?
increase in hormones
what are hormones
chemicals that regulate hunger, sleep, moods, stress, sexual desire, immunity, reproduction and many other bodily reactions
What part gets signals for changes to begin
hypothalamus signals the pituitary
Pituitary
gland in the brain that responds to a signal from the hypothalamus by producing many hormones
What do the hormones produced by the pituitary stimulate to produce
adrenal glands to produce epinephrine and norepinephrine
HPA/HPG Axis
Hypothalamus-pituitiary-adrenal/gonad axis is a sequence of hormone production that originates in the hypothalamus, moves to pituitary and then ends in gonads/adrenal
GnRH (gonadotropic)
activated gonads
estradiol
chief estrogen in females (same amount as men)
testosterone
androgens (much more in males)
primary sex characteristics
directly involve conception and pregnancy
secondary sex characteristics
bodily features that do not directly affect fertility
circadian rhythm
day-night cycle that occurs approximately every 24 hrs
Adolescent egocentrism
characteristic of adolescent thinking that leads young people (10-13) to focus on themrlseves to the exclusion of others
analytic thought
thought resulting from analysis, such as systematic ranking of pros and cons, risks and consequences and possibilities and facts.
dependent on logic and rationality
anorexia nervosa
eating disorder characterised by severe calorie restriction or a cycle of bingeing and purging - can lead to organ failure and suicide for 15-20%
BMI of
Bulimia nervose
compulsive overeating eating thousands of calories within an hour or two and then purging by omitting or using laxatives or diuretics
Deductive Reasoning aka top-down processing
reasoning from a general statement, premise or principle, through logical steps, to figure out specifics
dual process model
notion that two networks exists within the human brain - emotional and analytical processing of stimuli
entity approach to intelligence
sees ability as innate, a fixed quantity present at birth; those who hold this view do not believe that effort enhances achievement
limbic system (including amygdala)
intense fear and excitement
PFC
instinctual and emotional areas the adolescent brain develops ahead of reflective, analytics areas
estradiol
a sex hormone, considered the chief estrogen. Females produce much more estradiol than males do
formal operational thought
in piaget’s theory, the fourth and final stage of cognitive development, characterized by more systematic logical thinking and by the ability to understand and systematically manipulate abstract concepts
adolescent egocentrism
when they think intensely about themselves and what others see of them
imaginary audience
believe that they are centre stage wth all eyes on them
incremental approach to intelligence
intelligence can be directly increased by effort
- those who subscribe to this view believe they can master whatever they seek to learn if they pay attention, participate in class, study etc.
inductive reason aka bottom up reasoning
reasoning from one or more specific experiences/facts to reach (induce) a general conclusion
Invincibility fable
an adolescent’s egocentric conviction that he or she can’t be overcome or even harmed by anything that might defeat a normal mortal, such as unprotected sex, drug abuse, or high-speed driving
personal fable
belief that one is unique and destined to have a heroic, fabled eve legendary life
hypothetical thought
reasoning about if-then propositions that do not reflect reality
5 clusters in the Career and Technology Studies
business/finance, health/recreation, media/design, natural resources, trades/manufacturing
benefits of adolescent brain development
increased myelination and slower inhibition, reactions become lightening fast
synaptic growth enhances goal development
egocentrism protects the self each time an individual enters a new env context or life situation
