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FRHD1010 > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

senescence

A

a gradual physical aging over time begins

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2
Q

organ reserve

A

extra capacity build into each organ (hearts and lungs) that allow a person to cope with extraordinary demands or to withstand organ strain

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3
Q

allostasis

A

a dynamic body adjustment, related to homeostasis that over time affects overall physiology

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4
Q

infertility

A

inability to conceive a child after trying for at least a year

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5
Q

in-vitro fertilization (IVF)

A

ova are surgically removed and fertilized with sperm, after the zygotes have divided several times it is placed back into the women’s uterus

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6
Q

which vision ages faster

A

peripheral faster than frontal

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7
Q

how does the skin and hair change over aging

A
  • collagen is decreased by 1% every year after 20
  • skin becomes less thinner and less flexible
  • skin loses fitness and elasticity
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8
Q

at what age does waist circumference increase

A

25-65

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9
Q

how many cm do ppl lose of height

A

65

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10
Q

hormone replacement therapy

A

hormone supplements (estrogen combined with progesterone) to alleviate menopause symptoms

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11
Q

hysterctomy

A

surgical procedure to remove the uterus and usually removes ovaries

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12
Q

andropause

A

term to signify a drop in testosterone levels in older men

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13
Q

mortality

A

death

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14
Q

morbidity

A

disease

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15
Q

disability

A

inability to do something that people can usually do

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16
Q

vitality

A

life force

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17
Q

solutions to the obesity epidemic

A
  • diets work if they reduce calories and increase exercise and need to be maintained for decades
  • diet drugs are one option but can lead to CVD and digestive problems or lead to addiction
  • gastric bypass surgery causes dramatic weight loss but are risks
  • babies born underweight are likely to become fat chILD
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18
Q

stressor

A

any experience, circumstance or condition that negatively affects a person

19
Q

organ reserve in relation to stressors

A

depletion of organ reserve or allostatic loads high, the physiological toll of major/minor stressors lowers immunity, increases BP, speeds up the heart, reduces sleep and produces many other reactions

20
Q

problem-focused coping

A

people attack their problems

21
Q

emotion-focused coping

A

people change their emotions

22
Q

relationship with SES

A

low SES try to accept those with high SES that tend to attack their problems

23
Q

diseases of affluence

A

diseases like diabetes, lung cancer and breast cancer were more common among rich people

24
Q

General Intelligence

A

intelligence is one basic trait, underlying all cognitive abilities
• can be inferred by various abilities

25
Q

the flynn effect

A

• each generation was healthier and better educated than the previous one
• the effect is that the rise in average IQ scores that occurred over the decades in any
nations

26
Q

seattle longitudinal study

A

first cross sectional study of adult intelligence
• people improve in most mental abilities during adulthood
• all abilities improve and then gradually decrease

27
Q

fluid intelligence

A

like water, flowing to its own level no matter where it happens to be
• quick and flexible, enabling people to learn anything

28
Q

crystallized intelligence

A

accumulation of facts, info, knowledge as a result of education
and experience
• education and aptitude are correlated
• reflects fluid intelligence

29
Q

relationship of fluid and crystallized intelligence with age

A
  • fluid intelligence decreases and crystallized intelligence increases with age
  • fluid intelligence is valued in a your-oriented culture
30
Q

3 forms of intelligence

A

analytic, creative, practical

31
Q

analytic intelligence

A

includes all mental processes that foster academic proficiency
• abstract planning, strategy selection, focused attention, info processing

32
Q

creative intelligence

A

involves the capacity to be intellectually flexible and innovative
• divergent rather than convergent

33
Q

practical intelligence

A

involves capacity to adapt to the demands of a given situation
• accurate grasp of the expectations and needs of the people involved and an awareness
of particular skills that are called for
-without this, a solution from analytic intelligence is bound to fail because people resist
academic brilliance as unrealistic and elite

34
Q

Selective Optimization with Compensation

A

general process of
systematic function as older adults maintain a balance in their lives
• people seek to optimize their development in order to compensate for the losses
• explains the variations in intellectual abilities
• when older adults are motivated to do well, few age-related deficits are apparent
• compared to younger adults, older ones are not as motivated

35
Q

Specialized Learning

A
  • each adult seeks to maximize gains and minimize losses

* choose to practice some abilities and ignore others

36
Q

• Selection and Action

A

ie.) chefs prepare more foods in advance to avoid having multiple pots on the stove at
once
• ie.) athletes must practice and warm up their neurological connections in their brain that
allow for quick movements

37
Q

expert

A

notably more accomplished and knowledge a particular skill, topic, task

38
Q

expertise

A

not innate (not natural) nor does it correlate with basic abilities

39
Q

expert thought is:

A

intuitive, automatic, strategic, flexible

40
Q

Intuitive thoughts

A

• relying more on past experiences and on immediate contexts
• actions are more intuitive and less stereotypic
• experience leads to habits that should change
• doing something a thousand times in the past doesn’t mean its better than something
someone recently learned and have done only 50 times
• suggests that it occurs unconsciously helps experts but not non-experts

41
Q

automatic processing

A

thinking that occurs without deliberate, conscious thought
• some automatic actions are no longer accessible to the conscious mind
• process info more quickly
• engage automatic weighting of various non-verbalized factors
• automaticity is particularly crucial if a person’s conscious mind is focused on something
else
• time is the only one of the essential requirements for expertise

42
Q

strategic processing

A

• more and better strategies especially when problems are unexpected
• need to be updated as situations change
• does not mean that strategy always overcomes age deficits
• ie.) older pilots are quicker to being necessary actions needed for a safe landing
situation in difficult weather but they have slower processing skills

43
Q

flexible processing

A

• enjoy challenges when things do not go according to plan
• more willing to deviate from standard textbook procedures—if those procedures are
proved to be ineffective
• adapt to individual cases and exceptions

FRHD1010 (6 decks)

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