Chapter 13

Question 1

Theories of Adult Personality

Answer 1

Erikson and Maslow
• Eriksons early stages are each tied to a particular chronological period
• adults of many ages can be in the 5th stage identity vs role confusion or any of the other 3,
intimacy vs isolation, generatively vs stagnation, integrity vs despair
• The Midlife Crisis
• between the ages of 35-50
• Midlife Crisis: time of anxiety and radical change as 40 approaches
• a result of historical circumstances

Question 2

big 5 personalities

Answer 2

openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

Question 3

ecological niche

Answer 3

a particular lifestyle and social context that adults settle into because it
is compatible with their individual personality needs and interests
• the factors linked to the big five, education, marriage, divorce, fertility, IQ, verbal fluency,
political views

Question 4

Social Convoy

Answer 4

group of people who provide a protective layer of social relations to guide, encourage, socialize with individuals as they go through life

Question 5

consequential strangers

Answer 5

people who are not in a person’s closest convoy but who nonetheless have an impact
- regular acquaintances

Question 6

fictive kin

Answer 6

not technically related but are accepted and treated like a family member

Question 7

empty nest

Answer 7

when parents are alone again after their children have moved out and started their own lives

Question 8

when is repartnering likely to happen

Answer 8

first 5 years of marriage

Question 9

1/2 of cohabiting relationships end after how long

Answer 9

2 years

Question 10

divorced individuals tend to develop a romantic relationship how many years after divorce

Answer 10

2

Question 11

generativity vs stagnation:

Answer 11

when adults seek to be productive in a caring way

Question 12

kinkeeper

Answer 12

caregiver who takes responsibly for maintaining communication
• mother or grandmother

Question 13

Extrinsic Rewards of Work

Answer 13

tangible benefits such as salary, health insurance and

pension

Question 14

Intrinsic Rewards of Work:

Answer 14

intangible gratifications of actually doing the job
• generativity is intrinsic
• autonomy reduces strain and increases dedication and vitality

Question 15

Demographic Shift:

Answer 15

shift in the proportions of populations of various ages
• in the past, 20 times more children than older people
• 50 years ago, world had 7 times more people under the age of 15 than over 64
• most nations still have more people under age 15 than over age 64

Question 16

dependency ratio

Answer 16

calculation of the people that depend on care from others

• most elders are caregivers not care receivers

Question 17

hayflick limit

Answer 17

number of times a human cell is capable of dividing into two new cells
• approx 50 times
• source amnesia: forgetting the origin of the fact, idea, or snippet of a convo

Question 18

Ecological Validity:

Answer 18

idea that ability should remeasure in everyday tasks and circumstances,
not as laboratory tests assess it
• steps to information processing
• input, memory, output

Question 19

primary vs secondary aging

Answer 19

universal and irreversible physical changes that occur in all living creatures
as they grow older
specific illnesses or conditions that become more common with age

Question 20

Compression of Morbidity

Answer 20

delayed illness, reducing sickness before death

• 94% moved less often to prevent injuries, but increased morbidity

Question 21

Neurocognitive Disorder (NCD)

Answer 21

impairment of intellectual functioning caused by organic

brain damage or disease

Question 22

Polypharmacy

Answer 22

situation where elderly people are prescribed several medications

Question 23

Stratification Theory

Answer 23

emphasizes societal forces that place each person in a social strata or
level

Question 24

Filial Responsibility

Answer 24

the obligation of adult children to care for their aging parents

Question 25

4 types of grandparents

Answer 25

remote - distant
companionate - fun and entertaining
involved - active in their day to day lives
surrogate - takes care and raises them