Chapter 10

Question 1

Identity vs Role Confusion

Answer 1

negotiating the complexities of finding one’s own identity is the primary task of adolescence

Question 2

Identity Achievement

Answer 2

when adolescents have reconsidered the goals and values of their parents and culture (accepting some and discarding some)

Question 3

Role confusion

Answer 3

opposite of identity achievement, lack of commitment to any goals or value
- sleeping too much, video games etc.

Question 4

Foreclosure

Answer 4

when they accept traditional values

Question 5

moratorium

Answer 5

time out that includes some exploration either in breadth or depth
- an adolescent’s choice of socially acceptable way to postpone making identity-achievement decisions

Question 6

five arenas of identity formation

Answer 6

religious, political, gender, ethnic, vocational

Question 7

religious identity

Answer 7

some adolescents question religion as their cognitive processes allow for more reflection

Question 8

identity politics

Answer 8

the tendency to identify and vote for people of one’s own race

Question 9

vocational identity

Answer 9

envisioning oneself as a worker in a particular occupation

Question 10

integrated identity

Answer 10

youth maintains their heritage identity while incorporating aspects of the settlement or new country

Question 11

separated identity

Answer 11

youths maintain their heritage identity while rejecting the settlement identity

Question 12

national identity

Answer 12

youths reject their heritage identity and replace it with the settlement identity

Question 13

diffuse identity

Answer 13

youths reject both their heritage and settlement identity

Question 14

adolescence-limited offender

Answer 14

a person whose criminal activity stops by age 21

Question 15

closeness within the family

Answer 15

communication, support, connectedness, control

Question 16

parental monitoring

Answer 16

parental knowledge about each child’s whereabouts, activities and companions

Question 17

deviancy training

Answer 17

one person shows another how to circumvent adult restrictions

Question 18

trends in teen births and abortion

Answer 18

births have gone down
use of protection has gone up
teen abortion rate is down

Question 19

adolescent pregnancy

Answer 19

poverty and lack of education correlate with teenage pregnancy

Question 20

foreclosure

Answer 20

erikson’s term for premature identity formation, which occurs when an adolescent adopts his or her parents’ or society’s roles and values wholesale, without questioning or analysis

Question 21

generational forgetting

Answer 21

the idea that each new generation forgets what the previous generation learned

Question 22

life-course-persistent offender

Answer 22

a person whose criminal activity typically begins in early adolescence and continues throughout life; a career criminal

Question 23

parasuicide aka attempted/failed suicide

Answer 23

any potentially lethal action against the self that does not result in death

Question 24

rumination

Answer 24

repeated thinking and talking about past experiences; can contribute to depression

Question 25

suicidal ideation

Answer 25

thinking about suicide, usually with some serious emotional or intellectual or cognitive overtones

Question 26

two factors that cause delinquency

Answer 26

• short attention span, hyperactivity, inadequate emotional regulation, slow language, low intelligence, early and severe malnutrition, autistic tendencies etc
• encompasses risk factors - deviant friends, having few connections to school, living in a crowded violent, unstable neighbourhood, not having a job, using drugs and alcohol and having close relatives in jail

Question 27

life-course-persistent offender

Answer 27

career criminal

Question 28

adolescence-limited offender

Answer 28

crime starts during puberty up until age 21

Question 29

variations in drug use

Answer 29

psychoactive drugs - affect the mind

Question 30

most popular psychoactive drugs

Answer 30

tobacco, alco hol, cannibis