Chapter 9

Question 1

Organizational Behavior

Answer 1

The study of the actions of people at work.

Question 2

Employee Productivity

Answer 2

A performance measure of both work efficiency and effectiveness.

Question 3

Absenteeism

Answer 3

The failure to show up for work.

Question 4

Turnover

Answer 4

Voluntary and involuntary permanent withdrawal from an organization

Question 5

Organizational Citizenship behavior

Answer 5

Discretionary behavior that’s not part of an employee’s formal job requirements, but that promotes the effective functioning of the organization.

Question 6

Job Satisfaction

Answer 6

An employee’s general attitude toward his or her job.

Question 7

Workplace misbehavior

Answer 7

Any intentional employee behavior that is potentially harmful to the organization or individuals within the organization.

Question 8

Attitudes

Answer 8

Evaluate statements, either favorable or unfavorable, concerning objects, people, or events.

Question 9

Cognitive Component

Answer 9

The part of an attitude made up of the beliefs, opinions, knowledge, and information held by a person.

Question 10

Affective Component

Answer 10

The part of an attitude that’s the emotional or feeling part.

Question 11

Behavioral Component

Answer 11

The part of an attitude that refers to an intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something.

Question 12

The Theory proposed that how hard we try to reduce dissonance is determined by three things:

Answer 12

1. The importance of the factors creating dissonance.
2. The degree of influence the individual believes he or she has over those factors.
3. The rewards that may be involved in dissonance.

Question 13

Job Involvement

Answer 13

The degree to which an employee identifies with his or her job, actively participates in, and considers his or her job performance important for self-worth.

Question 14

Organizational Commitment

Answer 14

An employee’s orientation toward the organization in terms of his or her loyalty to, identification with, and involvement in the organization.

Question 15

Employee engagement

Answer 15

When employee’s are connected to, satisfied with, and enthusiastic about their jobs.

Question 16

Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 16

Any incompatibility or inconsistency between attitudes or between behavior and attitudes.

Question 17

Personality

Answer 17

A unique combination of emotional, thought, and behavioral patterns that affect how a person reacts to situations and interacts with others.

Question 18

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

Answer 18

A personality assessment that uses four dimensions of a personality to identify different personality types.

Question 19

Big Five Model

Answer 19

A personality trait model that examines 5 traits: extra version, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience.

Question 20

Emotional Intelligence

Answer 20

The ability to notice and manage emotional cues and information.

Question 21

Locus of Control

Answer 21

The degree to which people believe they control their own fate.

Question 22

Machiavellianism

Answer 22

A measure of the degree to which people are pragmatic, maintain emotional distance, and believe that ends justify means.

Question 23

Self Esteem

Answer 23

An individual’s degree of like or dislike for him/herself

Question 24

Self Monitoring

Answer 24

A personality trait that measures the ability to adjust behavior to external situational factors.

Question 25

Perception

Answer 25

A process by which we give meaning to our environment by organizing and interpreting sensory impressions.

Question 26

Attribution Theory

Answer 26

A theory used to explain how we judge people differently, based on what meaning we attribute to a given behavior.

Question 27

Fundamental attribution error

Answer 27

The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgements about the behavior of others.

Question 28

Self-Serving Bias

Answer 28

The tendency for individuals to attribute their successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors.

Question 29

Selective perception

Answer 29

The tendency for people to on lay absorb parts of what they observe, which allows us to “speed read” others.

Question 30

Assumed Similarity

Answer 30

An observers perception of others influenced more by the observers own characteristics than by those of the person observed.

Question 31

Stereotyping

Answer 31

When we judge someone on the basis of our perception of a group to which that person belongs.

Question 32

Halo Effect

Answer 32

When we form a general impression of a person on the basis of a single characteristic.

Question 33

Operant Conditioning

Answer 33

A theory of learning that says behavior is a function of its consequences.

Question 34

Social Learning Theory

Answer 34

A theory of learning that says people can learn through observation and direct experience.

Question 35

Shaping Behavior

Answer 35

The process of guiding learning in a graduated steps, using reinforcement or lack of reinforcement.

Question 36

Behavior

Answer 36

The actions of people.