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EXSC 463 Exam 1 > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Parallel arrangement of muscle fibers?

A

fasciculi run parallel to the long axis of the muscle and extend the entire length of the muscle, origin to insertion

example: sartorius

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2
Q

Convergent arrangement of muscle fibers?

A

origin of the muscle is wide and the fasciculus converge toward the tendon of insertion

triangular of fan shaped, extend from origin to insertion

example: pec major

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3
Q

Pennate arrangement?

A

fasciculi and fibers attach obliquely to tendon that runs the entire length of muscle (uni, bi, multi), fibers are short

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4
Q

T/F

Skeletal muscle cells have one nucleus.

A

False

many

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5
Q

Sarcolemma?

A

skeletal muscle cell membrane

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6
Q

Satellite cells?

A

precursor cells that have on nucleus and function to facilitate repair and growth of damaged skeletal muscle following injury

-most repair and growth is found in nuclei

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7
Q

Appearance of striations originate in ______.

A

Myofibrils

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8
Q

Sarcoplasm?

A

cytoplasm of muscle cell that contain mitochondria

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9
Q

What is the cross sectional area of one myofibril?

A

1-2 micrometers squared

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10
Q

Sarcomere?

A
  • segment of myofibril between two adjacent z lines

- basic contractile unit of skeletal muscle

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11
Q

Z lines?

A
  • at the end of sarcomere

- alpha actinin proteins arranged in a zigzag pattern that are the attachment sites for actin filaments

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12
Q

protein that overlaps the central ends of the actin?

A

myosin filaments

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13
Q

A band?

A
  • dark band
  • anisotropic
  • full length of myosin
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14
Q

I band?

A
  • light band
  • isotropic
  • space between ends of myosin in two consecutive sarcomeres
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15
Q

Two contractile proteins in sarcomere?

A

Actin

Myosin

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16
Q

Two regulatory proteins in sarcomere?

A

Troponin
Tropomyosin

-control interaction of actin and myosin

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17
Q

5 structural proteins in sarcomere?

A 
Desmin
Nebulin
Titin
M line proteins (myomesin)
Myosin binding C proteins
18
Q

G-actin?

A
  • globular actin
  • polymerize to form long strands, filaments
  • has active sites to attach myosin heads
19
Q

F-actin?

A
  • filament actin

- two strands twist together

20
Q

Thin filament?

A

actin filament

21
Q

Tropomyosin?

A

protein filament that wraps around the double strand of F-actin, blocking the active sites on the G-actin

22
Q

Troponin?

A

protein that is attached to the tropomyosin about every 7th actin

23
Q

What are the three subunits of troponin? Functions?

A

C- binds Ca 2+
T- anchors troponin complex to tropomyosin
I - binds to actin and holds the troponin-tropomyosin complex in place

24
Q

Myosin function?

A

ATP dependent motor protein responsible for motility of actin

25
Q

What makes up Myosin?

A

-one pair myosin heavy chains intertwined to form a long coiled tail, a neck region, and a pair of tadpole like heads

26
Q

What is found in the head region of myosin?

A

two pairs of myosin light chains

27
Q

Thick filament?

A

myosin

28
Q

Function of neck and head region of myosin?

A

retain motor functions of myosin filament, forming cross bridges between thick and thin filaments

29
Q

Central bare zone?

A

central region of myosin filament where the tails of all myosin meet and there are no heads (H zone)

30
Q

What two things bind to myosin?

A

F-actin filament

ATP

31
Q

What breaks down ATP in myosin?

A

Myosin ATPase (enzyme)

32
Q

What results when ATP is broken down?

A

ATP –> ADP + Pi + heat + energy

33
Q

Desmin?

A
  • links Z lines of adjacent myofibrils together keeping sarcomeres aligned
  • links outer myofibril and costameres to sarcolemma
  • transmits force of contraction to exterior of muscle fiber
34
Q

Nebulin?

A
  • intertwined with actin filament and anchors actin to the Z line
  • molecular ruler- determines length of actin
35
Q

Titin?

A
  • largest protein in skeletal muscle
  • attach Z line and M line
  • contribute to elasticity of fiber, limit range of motion of sarcomere
36
Q

M line proteins?

A

holds myosin in vertical alignment

37
Q

Myosin binding C proteins?

A

hold the ends of adjacent myosin filaments in vertical alignment

38
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum function?

A
  • storage, release, and reuptake of Ca 2+ during the contractile process
  • divided into terminal cisternae and longitudinal tubules
39
Q

Longitudinal tubules?

A
  • run parallel to fiber

- responsible for reuptake of Ca 2+ following excitation of fiber

40
Q

Terminal cisternae?

A

responsible for storage and release of Ca 2+ when muscle fiber is depolarized

41
Q

Triad?

A

one T-tubule and two adjacent cisternae

42
Q

T-tubules?

A
  • perpendicular to muscle fiber
  • carry wave of depolarization from sarcolemma to interior of cell where it initiates sequence of events to contract muscle

EXSC 463 Exam 1 (12 decks)

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