Chapter 9 Flashcards
Extinction involves omitting the:
US or reinforcer
_____ is a decline in responding that may occur bc of the passage of time
forgetting
true or false: forgetting does not require the removal of the CS or instrumental response
true
the emotional reaction induced by withdrawal of an expected reinforcer
frustration
spontaneous recovery (in extinction):
reappearance of an extinguished response caused by the passage of time
a recovery of conditioned responding when the contextual cues present during extinction change
renewal
_____ trials produce a more enduring extinction effect.
Spaced
The longer the trials are spaced out during extinction,
the less subject you are to spontaneous recovery and renewal.
what is reinstatement?
recovery of conditioned behavior that occurs when the individual encounters a US again
_______ is the reappearance of an extinguished target response when another reinforced response is extinguished.
resurgence
what is consolidation?
establishment of a memory in relatively permanent form so that it’s available for retrieval a long time after acquisition
why is the overtraining extinction effect paradoxical?
the more instrumental training that has been provided, the faster the rate of extinction afterward.
what are the three paradoxical reward effects?
- overtraining extinction effect
- magnitude reinforcement extinction effect
- partial-reinforcement extinction effect (PREE)
this phenomenon refers to the fact that the larger the reinforcer used in training, the faster the rate of extinction afterward
magnitude reinforcement extinction effect
PREE assumes that extinction is much slower and involves fewer frustration reactions if ________ was in effect before the introduction of extinction.
partial reinforcement
according to the discrimination hypothesis, why is extinction slower after ~partial~ reinforcement?
the onset of extinction is more difficult to detect after partial reinforcement
What did Jenkins and Theios find about partial reinforcement?
it is not from greater difficulty detecting onset of extinction, but a learned persistence.
the _______ is based on what individuals learn about frustration during partial reinforcement training.
frustration theory
the ______ is based on what is learned about the memory of non-reward.
sequential theory
what is behavioral momentum?
susceptibility of responding to disruption by manipulations (behavior w/a lot of momentum will be hard to extinguish)
What is extinction in Pavlovian conditioning?
a decrease in conditional responding when the CS is presented without the US
What is extinction in instrumental conditioning?
a decrease in responding when reinforcement is not given
what are the three steps of extinction?
- extinction burst
- subject shows frustration
- variability of responding increases
*then rate of responding decreases
how would you test renewal?
- train in Context A
- extinguish in Context B
- test in Context A
