Chapter 6

Question 1

What is a carrier turn in a cumulative recorder?

Answer 1

When the stylus reaches one side; it resets and picks up where it left off

Question 2

Most behavior is under this control:

Answer 2

Partial (intermittent reinforcement)

Question 3

In _______ reinforcement, reinforcement only occurs ~some~ of the time

Answer 3

Partial (intermittent)

Question 4

In ______ reinforcement, every time the operant response is made, it’s followed by the reinforcer

Answer 4

Continuous reinforcement (CRF)

Question 5

Once a subject had acquired a behavior, _______ occurs

Answer 5

steady-state performance

Question 6

This type of schedule is response-based:

Answer 6

Ratio

Question 7

This type of schedule is time-based:

Answer 7

Interval

Question 8

In a ratio schedule, reinforcement is delivered after _________.

Answer 8

a set number of responses

Question 9

In an interval schedule, reinforcement is delivered __________.

Answer 9

for the first operant response made after a certain amount of time has passed.

Question 10

In a ___ schedule, reinforcement is delivered after the same ratio/interval every time.

Answer 10

Fixed

Question 11

In a variable schedule, reinforcement is delivered after:

Answer 11

variable number of responses/amount of time has passed.

Question 12

What does FR1 mean?

Answer 12

Continuous reinforcement

Question 13

What’s a ratio run?

Answer 13

the high and steady rate of responding that completes each ratio requirement

Question 14

The zero rate of responding that typically occurs just after reinforcement on a fixed-ratio schedule:

Answer 14

post-reinforcement pause

Question 15

What does it mean for a ratio schedule to be “too lean”?

Answer 15

too many operant responses are required for reinforcement

Question 16

If a ratio schedule is too lean, subject might experience ______

Answer 16

ratio strain

Question 17

What happens during ratio strain?

Answer 17

A subject will slow down or give up entirely

Question 18

A _____ schedule is based on the average # of responses required.

Answer 18

Variable-ratio

Question 19

The cable guy saying he’ll come in some time between 2-6pm is an example of a _____ schedule.

Answer 19

Variable-interval

Question 20

This type of schedule is useful for studying the motivation of subjects.

Answer 20

Progressive ratio

Question 21

In a PR3 schedule, the second reinforcer will come after how many lever presses?

Answer 21

6 (the first is 3, then after 6, then after 9, etc.)

Question 22

A subject’s _____ assesses motivation to work harder.

Answer 22

Breaking point

Question 23

The rate of line on a cumulative recorder tells you about the _______ over time.

Answer 23

Operant response

Question 24

In a fixed-ratio schedule, higher ratios produce _____ post-reinforcement pauses.

Answer 24

Longer

Question 25

In a fixed-ratio schedule, the higher the ratio, the ____ the rate of response.

Answer 25

Faster

Question 26

Gamblers playing a slot machine are responding on what kind of schedule?

Answer 26

variable-ratio

Question 27

True or false: predictable pauses in the rate of responding are very likely in variable-ratio schedules.

Answer 27

false: organisms respond at a fairly steady rate on VR schedules bc the # of required responses is not predictable.

Question 28

In ______ schedules, the overall response rate tends to be distributed in a pause-run pattern.

Answer 28

fixed

Question 29

A washing machine operates on a ______ schedule.

Answer 29

fixed-interval

Question 30

A mechanic who cannot tell you when your car will be ready has imposed a _____ schedule on you.

Answer 30

variable-interval

Question 31

In order for a response to be reinforced, it must occur before the end of the ________.

Answer 31

limited-hold period

Question 32

In Reynold’s study comparing ratio and interval schedules, the pigeon reinforced on the ____ schedule responded at a much higher rate than the pigeon reinforced on the _____ schedule.

Answer 32

variable-ratio; variable-interval

Question 33

A participant with mostly short IRTs is responding at a ____ rate.

Answer 33

high

Question 34

_____ schedules reinforce short IRTs.

Answer 34

ratio

Question 35

_____ schedules reinforce long IRTS.

Answer 35

interval

Question 36

Which type of schedules produce higher rates of responding?

Answer 36

ratio

Question 37

A letter carrier’s daily route is an example of a ____ schedule.

Answer 37

fixed-ratio