Chapter 9 Flashcards
What is the process of integrating resources for accomplishment of objective?
Management
What is a group of people working together in a structured and coordinated way to achieve a goal?
organization
What is delegation from top to lower levels of management and the right of managers to direct others and take action because of their position?
Authority
What is a state of being responsible to one’s self, to some organization, or even to the public?
Accountability
What is the obligation to perform an assigned activity or see that someone else performs it?
Responsibility
What is doing things right?
efficiency
What is doing the right things?
Effectiveness
What term has been used up to this point to refer to anon who is responsible for people and other organization resources?
manager
The traditional organization model is a pyramid with first-line managers as a ______.
base
What type of organization model focusses on managers coaching/caring for employees who will be caring for customers?
TQM
- Creating smaller organizational units
- forming cross-functioning teams
- empowering employees to make decisions
- reducing the number of organization levels
- Placing an emphasis on vision and values
- Finding ways to take advantage of the internet
are competitive and technical changes
managers also can be classified according to the ______ of organizational activities for which they are responsible
range
Who is responsible for all the activities of a unit?
general manager
Who is responsible for only one area of organizational activity, such as the bar?
functional manager
Who described the manager’s job in terms of various roles, which he referred to as organized sets of behaviors identified with a position. He described the position as being composed of 10 different but closely related roles.
Mintzberg (1980)
What are the three main topics of Mintzbergs managerial theory?
Interpersonal roles, informational roles, decisional roles
What are the 10 managerial roles of Mintzbers theory?
INTERPERSONAL ROLES 1. Figurehead 2. Leader 3. Liaison INFORMATIONAL ROLES 4. Monitor 5. Disseminator 6. Spokesperson DECISIONAL ROLES 7. Entrepreneur 8. Disturbance Handler 9. Resource Allocator 10. Negotiator
What informational managerial role says the manager constantly searches for information to use to become more effective?
Monitor
What informational managerial role says the manager transmits information to subordinates who otherwise would probably have no access to this information?
disseminator
What informational managerial role says the manager is closely akin to the figurehead role
spokesperson
What decisional managerial role says the manager is the voluntary initiator of change?
entrepreneur
What decisional managerial role says the manager responds to situations that are beyond his or her control?
disturbance handler
What decisional managerial role says the manager decides how and to whom the resources of the organization will be distributed?
resource allocator
What decisional managerial role says the manager participates in a process of give-and-take until a satisfactory compromise is reached?
negotiator
What Interpersonal managerial role says the management experts as the representational responsibility of management?
figurehead
What Interpersonal managerial role is a manager in change of an organization or unit also is responsible for the work of the staff?
leader
What Interpersonal managerial role by dealing with people both inside and outside of the organization?
Liaison
What is an ability that can be devoted and that is manifested in performance?
skill
What type of skill involves an understanding of, and proficiency in, a specific kind of activity, particularly one involving methods or techniques?
technical skill
What type of skill concerns working with people and understanding their behavior?
Human or interpersonal skill
Who indicated that, human skill cannot be a ‘something thing’ and described two aspects of human skill as leadership within the managers own unlit and skill in intergroup relationships
Katz (1974)
What type of skill is the ability to view the organization as a whole, recognizing how various parts depend on one another and how changes in one part affect other parts?
conceptual skill
what type of skill is more important at the lower levels of management, identified as non supervisory and supervisory?
technical skill
What type of skill is essential at every level of management?
Human skill
What type of skill increases with movement up the ranks of the organization?
conceptual skill
What is management functions of determining in advance what should happen?
Planning
What represent the desired future conditions that individuals, groups, or organizations strive to achieve?
Goals
What are merely goals, or end points, and set the direction for all managerial planning?
objectives
What is a general guide to organized behavior developed by top-level management
Policies
What is the chronological sequence of activities?
Procedure
What details for one step in a process?
Method
What are specification of action, stating what must or must not be done?
Rules
What are plans for repetitive action, that are used over and over again?
standing plans
what are single purpose, or not repeated but remain as part of the historical records of an organization?
single-use plans
What type of planning greeters to short-range versus long-range planning?
time span
What is the thread or underlying logic that holds a business together?
strategy
What are the differences between strategic planning and long-range planning?
pg. 283
What is management function of grouping activities, delegating authority, and coordination relationships, horizontally and vertically?
organizing
What is management function of determining the appropriate number of employees needed by the organization for the work that must be accomplished?
staffing
What is designed to ensure that the organization’s labor requirements are met continuously?
Human resources planning
What are concerned with developing a pool of job applications and evaluating and choosing among them?
Recruitment and selection
What are processes designed first to acquaint newcomers with the organization and its goals and policies and to inform them of their responsibilities?
Orientation, training, and development
What is a concerned with comparison of an individuals performance with established standards for the job?
Performance appraisal
What is management function of directing human resources for the accomplishment of objectives?
Directing
What is management function of ensuring that plans are being followed?
controlling
What are created in the planning process define the dimensions of what is expected to happen?
standards
WHAT does PERT stand for?
Program Evaluation Review Technique
Who stated what traditional organization was?
Kast & Rosenzweig (1985)
In traditional organization, Organization hart and job description or position guides is a pattern of formal ________ & ____________
relationships & duties
In traditional organization, _________ or departmentalization is an assignment of various activities or tasks to different units or people of the organization
Differentiation
In traditional organization, What is coordination of separate activities or tasks?
integration
In traditional organization, What is power, status, and hierarchal relationships within the organization?
Delegations of authority
In traditional organization, What is guidance of activities and relationships of people in the organization through planned and formalized policies, procedures, and controls?
Administrative systems
In innovative organization, what is the idea that employees, not just managers, are involved in decision making?
empowered decision making
In innovative organization, what is a sense of belonging to the organization is created for all members?
sociability
In innovative organization, what is a shift that has occurred from use of only downward authority to inclusion of upward and lateral lines of authority and input?
new bases of management power
In innovative organization, what is greater recognition that is given to the importance of individual employees, not just the job they perform?
personal consideration
In innovative organization, what is the formation of teams of employees/managers working together to accomplish goals with more emphasis on team rather than individual recognition
team-based with group recognition
In innovative organization, what employee job satisfaction and sense of accomplishment is more valued
self-fulfillment
In innovative organization, what is the number of managerial levels has been reduced?
flat hierarchy
In innovative organization, what are companies finding it more important to formulate clear visions and values to which employees can commit themselves
emphasis on vision and values
In innovative organization, what is the change is viewed as a critical component in organization success, and managers are expected to stimulate and facilitate change
managers as change agents
In innovative organization, what is the effective use of all forms of technology and a presence on the internet are necessary components of organizations
technologically savvy
in what organization, do managers need to look at the way work is organized and the way jobs are designed?
Quality of Work Life (QWL)
Involving employees in the decision-making process
participative management
what refers to the nature of the relationship between the leader and work group?
leader-member relations
What is the process of influencing the activities of an individual or a group in efforts toward goal achievements in a given situation?
leadership
What is two or more people who interact regular to accomplish a common purpose or goal to be considered a group?
team-based leadership
What are shared philosophies, values, assumptions, beliefs, expectations, attitudes, and norms that knit an organization together?
Corporate culture
What is building trust between people in the organization?
integrity
What is involving employees as part of the team?
Bottom-up style of management
What is finding way bothe at work and outside of work for fun?
having fun
What is participating in community service programs?
Community involvement
What is practicing a belief that a sound mind goes along with a sound body?
emphasis on physical health and fitness
What is the caring culture checklist?
ph. 289
What are clear an distinct lines of authority within an organization-who reports to whom?
chain of command
What is based on the establishment of lines of authority?
vertical division of labor
What means that the employee reports to only one manager?
unity of command
What indicates that a clear and unbroken line of authority extends from the bottom to the top position in the organization
scalar principles
what is a division of labor involves the entire organization being made up of work groups or teams rather than the more formal organizational structure
a team
What structure is often used for special products?
matrix
what is the process of assigning job activities and authority to a specific employee within the organization?
delegation
according to _____ ________, authority and responsibility must coincide.
parity principle
Number of employees that can be effectively supervised by one manager is what?
span of management
What are clearly defined policies that can reduce the time managers spend making decisions; the more comprehensive the policies, the greater the span of management?
organizational policies
What are managers that can have increased span if staff experts are available to provide advice and services
availability of staff experts
What are well-trained workers that can perform their jobs without close supervision, thus freeing competent managers to expand their span of management
competence of staff
In organizations with objective standards and standardized procedures, workers have a basis by which to gauge their own progress, thus allowing managers to concentrate on exceptions?
objective standards
What is less complicated work tends to require less supervision than more complicated work. Generally the simpler and more uniform the work, the greater the possible span?
nature of the work
What is the number of areas where supervised workers are on duty may inhibit severely a managers ability to visit all work sites. The greater the dispersion of workers, the shorter the span.
distribution of workforce
What is the authority that exists because of position in the organization?
formal authority
What is authority based on the employees acceptance of that authority?
acceptance authority
What is the authority based on a managers’ competence or expertise?
authority of competence
What is the process of grouping jobs according to some logical arrangement
departmentalization
What departmentalization occurs when organization units are defined by the nature of the work?
functional departmentalization
What departmentalization allows workers to identify with the particular product and encourages expansion, improvement and diversification
product departmentalization
What departmentalization permits the use of local personal and may help create customer goodwill and a responsiveness to local customs
geography departmentalization
What is a position in the direct chain of command?
line position
what is a position intended to provide expertise, advice, and support for line positions
staff position
what is the degree to which managerial positions are concentrated in staff positions
administrative intensity
Process of linking activities of various departments in the organization is
coordination
An organizations responsibility to society that extends beyond its profit generation
social responsibility
What is the “must do “ responsibility to produce goods and services of value to society and that allow the organization to pay its creditors and stockholders
economic
what is the “have to do” responsibility to follow laws imposed by government
legal
what is the “should do” responsibility to follow generally held beliefs about behavior in society?
ethical
what is the “might do “ responsibility to voluntarily do good for others?
discretionary
What is the interaction among people an organization of different nations
globalization
what are government taxes on products shipped internationally
Tariffs
what are government payments to domestic prodders to make their product more competitive in the market?
subsidy
what is a specified amount that can be produced
quota
What is the degree to which assertiveness and toughness versus caring and tenderness is valued?
assertiveness
What is the extent to which future oriented behaviors such as planning and delayed gratification are valued?
future orientation
what is the amount of status and decision making responsibility given to females?
gender differences
what is the extent to which altruistic, generous, caring , and kind behaviors are valued and rewarded?
Humane orientation
What is the degree to which ties between individuals are loose or close
individualism vs collectivism
What is the extent to which membership in group members such as family, friends, and employing organizations are valued
in-group collectivism
the degree to which group members are encouraged and rewarded for performance improvement and excellence
performance orientation
the extent to which less powerful members of an institution expect and accept that power will be unequally distributed
power distance
what is the degree to which people are comfortable with the unknown and having unexpected things happen
uncertainty avoidance
what is art or science of influencing others or holding control
politics
what political techniques is the expectation that when one does a favor for another, one day the favor will be returned
acquisition of favors that must be repaid
what political techniques is when several individuals agree that they will support each other on issues of mutual interest, creating strength in numbers?
alliances
what political techniques is using ones friendliness with other for political strength
conviviality
what political techniques is getting many individuals in an organization to unite behind a single person to increase that individuals influence related to an issue
constituency building
what political techniques is gaining the approval of superiors to provide political advantages in interactions with others
currying favor
What is the inner force that activates or moss a person toward achievement of a goal?
motivation
What is the something that prompts a person to action
motive
when an individual becomes less involved in work; may be exhibited by apathy, excessive absences, lateness, or turnover. it is the one mechanism used to avoid frustrating situation is
withdrawal
when an individual directly attacks the source of frustration or another object or party. is what?
aggression
When an individual puts something in the place of the original object this is
substitution
when a person goes overboard in one area or activity to make up for deficiencies in another is
compensation
when an individual exhibits childlike behavior as a way of dealing with an unpleasant situation is
revert or regress
when an individual loses awareness of or forgets incidents that cause anxiety or frustration is
repression
When an individual attributes his or her own feelings to someone else this is
projection
when an individual presents a reason that is less ego deflating or more socially acceptable than the true reason is
rationalization
what is the need that is dominant over all others
prepotent need
what are needs of the human body that must be satisfied to sustain life
physiological
what are needs concerned with the protection of individuals from physical or psychological harm is
safety
needs for love, affection, belongings is
social
needs relating to feel of self-respect and self-worth, along with respect and esteem from ones peers is
esteem
the needs related to ones potential or to the desire to fulfill ones potential
self-actualization
What are the basic needs fro existence
food water shelter safety
what is the involvement with family friends co-workers and employers
relatedness
what is the desire to be creative, productive, and complete meaningful task
growth
the achievement power affiliation theory holds that all people have three needs:
need to achieve
need for power
need for affiliation
which focuses on the rewards or outcomes of performance that satisfy needs is
two-factor theory
Value an employee places on rewards offered by the organization
valence
What attempts to explain behavior in terms of an individual’s goals, choices, and expectations of achieving these goals
expectancy theory
What is referred to operant conditioning or behavior modification that deals with how the consequences of a past action influence future actions in a cyclical learning process
Reinforcement theory
An individual’s feelings and beliefs about his or her job is what?
Job satisfaction
What is positive, voluntary behaviors that enhance organizational efficiency
Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCBs)
What is commitment to an organization because one is happy to be working for the organization, believes in the organization and wants to do what is best for the organization
affective commitment
What is commitment to an organization only because the cost of leaving is too great
continuous commitment
What is the process of influencing activities of an individual or group towards achieving organizational goals
Leadership
leaders have formal authority to exert influence on others are called
formal leaders
What type of manager is very indifferent, exerts minimal effort to get work done, and assumes little responsibility
impoverished management
what type of manager is very accommodating; focuses on needs of people to achieve a friendly, harmonious environment
s
