Chapter 9 Flashcards by Piper Turman

ROM

Range of Motion

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functional category of joints

1- synarthrosis
2-amphiarthosis
3-diarthrosis

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synarthrosis (structural categories)

fibrous, cartilaginous, bony fusion

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amphiarthosis (structural category)

fibrous and carilaginous

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diarthrosis (structural category)

synovial

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articulations

where two bones meet

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three functional (physiological) classifications of joints

synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis and diarthrosis

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list 4 structural (anatomical) classifications of joints

fibrous, cartilaginous, bony and synovial

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all synovial joints are

diarthroses

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all diarthroses are

synovial

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synovial joints are __ and classified as __.

freely movable, diarthrosis.

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a two layered __ __, aka __ __

joint capsule aka articular capsule

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contains an inner __ __ and outer __ __.

synovial membrane, fibrous capsule

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articular cartilage differs from other __ cartilage in that there is no ___, has more __, and its surface is &.

hyaline. perichondrium, water, slick&smooth

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what separates articular cartilages in a healthy joints?

synovial fluid

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how does articular cartilage respond to damage?

matrix breaks down, exposed surface changes to rough abrasive surfaces of bristly collagen fibers

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synovial fluid:

contains proteoglycans with high concentration of hyaluronan secretion by fibroblasts of synovial membrane

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synovial fluid is made by the

synovial membrane (includes oxygen and nutrients)

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3 primary functions of synovial fluid

1- lubrication/ reduce friction
2- nutrient distribution (to cartilage in joint)
3- shock absorption

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menisci are made of ___ and lie between ___.

fibrocartilage. opposing articular surfaces

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fat pads are __ the joint cavity

outside

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what fills in the changing spaces created as joints move

fat pads

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accessory ligaments __, __ and __ the joints

support, strengthen, and reinforce

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what is a sprain?

ligament with some torn collagen fibers

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which heals more easily, broken bone or torn ligament? why?

bone, vascular (has blood supply)

tendons can help brace a joint, limiting the joints ROM. Examples:

TRUE. tendons of shoulder

bursae are pockets of __ __ lined by a __ __.

synovial fluid, synovial membrane

Bursae form where a __ or __ rub another tissue

tendon or ligament

inflammation of patella

bursitis

most common on women because of heels. base of toe.

Bunion

can a joint have both mobility and stability?

no, one or the other. the more of one the less of the other.

4 factors that stabilize joints and limit ROM

1- ligaments 2- shapes of surfaces 3- bones, muscles and fat pads 4- amount of tension in tendons

articulation surfaces are forced completely out of position, damage articular cartilage, ligaments and joint capsules

dislocation/luxation

partial dislocation

subluxation

are there pain receptors inside the joint capsule?

when marker glides along surface inbetween carpal bones. when 2 opposing surfaces sliding past one another

gliding

movement in a&p (anterior and posterior) plane that decrease angle between articulating bones

flexion

occurs in a&p plane, increases the angle between articulating bones. anatomical position

extension

extending past anatomical position

hyperextension

moving away from midline (lateral)

abduction

moving toward midline (back to middle)

adduction

at shoulder. angular movement. circle form.

circumduction

rotating toward middle (toe in)

medial rotation

rotating toward back (toe out) (reverse of medial rotation)

lateral rotation

palm down

pronation

palm up

supination

soles face in

inversion

soles face out

eversion

pull toes up (toward sky)(walk on heels)

dorsiflexion

bottom of foot (flex toward plantar region) (walks on ball of feet)

plantar flexion

thumb touches pinky finger (fold across hand)

opposition

thumb returns from opposition

reposition

jaw forward (or shoulder)

protraction

pull jaw back in (or shoulder)

retraction

up (open jaw)

elevation

down (close jaw)

depression

list movements of cervical spine

flexion/ extension/ hyperextension, left and right rotation, left and right lateral flexion

the interphalangeal joint is classified as a __ joint

hinge

the first carpometacarpal joint is a __ joint

saddle

the metacarpophalangeal joints (2-5) are __ or __ joints

condyloid or ellipsoid

the intercarpal joints are __ joints

gliding

the intervertebral dics are

fibrocartilage

the annulus fibrosis is

tough outer layer

the nucleus pulposus is

soft, elastic, gelatinous core (gishy gooey center)

in the annulus fibrosis protrudes into the vertebral canal, it is called a __ __

slipped disc

if the nucleus pulposus breaks through the annulus fibrosis and protrudes into the vertebral canal, it is called a __ __

herniated disc

the shoulder is a ___ joint, while the elbow is a __ joint.

ball/socket, hinge

the hip joint is what type of joint

ball/socket

the ball is the

femur head

the socket is the

acetabulum

does the hip joint have more stability or mobility

stability

is there any fibrous cartilage in the hip joint?

yes

what are fibrocartilage in the knee called

meniscus

7 ligaments of the knee

``` a=anterior p=posterior 1-patellar ligament (a) 2,3- 2 popliteal ligaments (p) 4,5- (a) (p) cruciate (inside joint capsule) 6- tibia collateral (medial) 7-fibular collateral (lateral) ```

sternum/clavicle (joint, joint type, and movement)

j- sternoclavicular type- gliding/diarthrosis m- protraction/retraction, elevation/depression and slight rotation

scapula/clavicle (joint, type, movement)

j- acomioclavicular type- gliding/diarthrosis m- slight movement

scapula/humerus (joint, type, movement)

j- shoulder or glenohumeral type- ball&socket/diarthrosis m-flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, circumduction/ rotation

humerus/ulna | humerus/radius (joint, type, movement)

j- elbow (humeroulnar and humeroradial) type-hinge/diarthrosis m-flexion/extension

radius/ulna (j, t, m)

j- proximal& distal radioulnar type- pivot/diarthrosis m-rotation. pronation/supination

radius/carpal bones (j,t,m)

j-radiocarparl t-condylar diarthrosis m-flexion/extension. adduction/abduction, circumduction

carpal bone to carpal bones (j,t,m)

j-intercarpal t-gliding diarthrosis m-slight movement

carpal bone to metacarpal bone (I) (j,t,m)

j-carpometacarpal of tumb t-saddle diarthrosis m-flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, circumduction/opposition

carpal bone to metacarpal bone (II-V) (j,t,m)

j- carpometacarpal t- gliding diarthrosis m-slight flexion/extension, adduction/abduction

metacarpal bone to phalanx (j,t,m)

j- metacarpaophalangeal t- condylar diarthrosis m- flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, circumduction

phalanx to phalanx (j,t,m)

j- interphalangeal t- hinge diarthrosis m- flexion/extension

sacrum/ilium of hip bone (j,t,m)

j- sacroiliac t- gliding diarthrosis m- slight movement

hip bone/ hip bone (j,t,m)

j- pubic symphysis t-amphiarthrosis m-none

hip bone/femur (j,t,m)

j- hip t- ball&socket diarthrosis m- flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, circumducton/rotation

femur/tibia (j,t,m)

j-knee t- complex, functions as hinge m-flexion/extension, limited rotation

tibia/fibula (j,t,m)

j- tibiofibular (proximal) tibiofibular (distal) t- gliding diarthrosis, gliding and amphiartrotic syndesmosis m- slight movement

tibia and fibula with talus (j,t,m)

j-ankle or talocrural t- hinge diarthrosis m-flexion/extension (dorsiflexion&plantar flexion)

tarsal bone to tarsal bone (j,t,m)

j- intertarsal t- gliding diarthrosis m- slight movement

tarsal bone to metatarsal bone (j,t,m)

j-tarsometatarsal t- gliding diarthrosis m-slight movement

metatarsal bone to phalanx (j,t,m)

j- metatarsophalangeal t- condylar diarthrosis m- flexion/extension, adduction/abduction

phalanx/phalanx

j- interphalangeal t-hinge diarthrosis m-flexion/extension