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Anatomy & Physiology Lecture > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

ROM

A

Range of Motion

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2
Q

functional category of joints

A

1- synarthrosis
2-amphiarthosis
3-diarthrosis

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3
Q

synarthrosis (structural categories)

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, bony fusion

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4
Q

amphiarthosis (structural category)

A

fibrous and carilaginous

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5
Q

diarthrosis (structural category)

A

synovial

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6
Q

articulations

A

where two bones meet

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7
Q

three functional (physiological) classifications of joints

A

synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis and diarthrosis

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8
Q

list 4 structural (anatomical) classifications of joints

A

fibrous, cartilaginous, bony and synovial

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9
Q

all synovial joints are

A

diarthroses

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10
Q

all diarthroses are

A

synovial

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11
Q

synovial joints are __ and classified as __.

A

freely movable, diarthrosis.

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12
Q

a two layered __ __, aka __ __

A

joint capsule aka articular capsule

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13
Q

contains an inner __ __ and outer __ __.

A

synovial membrane, fibrous capsule

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14
Q

articular cartilage differs from other __ cartilage in that there is no ___, has more __, and its surface is &.

A

hyaline. perichondrium, water, slick&smooth

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15
Q

what separates articular cartilages in a healthy joints?

A

synovial fluid

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16
Q

how does articular cartilage respond to damage?

A

matrix breaks down, exposed surface changes to rough abrasive surfaces of bristly collagen fibers

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17
Q

synovial fluid:

A

contains proteoglycans with high concentration of hyaluronan secretion by fibroblasts of synovial membrane

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18
Q

synovial fluid is made by the

A

synovial membrane (includes oxygen and nutrients)

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19
Q

3 primary functions of synovial fluid

A

1- lubrication/ reduce friction
2- nutrient distribution (to cartilage in joint)
3- shock absorption

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20
Q

menisci are made of ___ and lie between ___.

A

fibrocartilage. opposing articular surfaces

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21
Q

fat pads are __ the joint cavity

A

outside

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22
Q

what fills in the changing spaces created as joints move

A

fat pads

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23
Q

accessory ligaments __, __ and __ the joints

A

support, strengthen, and reinforce

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24
Q

what is a sprain?

A

ligament with some torn collagen fibers

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25
Q

which heals more easily, broken bone or torn ligament? why?

A

bone, vascular (has blood supply)

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26
Q

tendons can help brace a joint, limiting the joints ROM. Examples:

A

TRUE. tendons of shoulder

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27
Q

bursae are pockets of __ __ lined by a __ __.

A

synovial fluid, synovial membrane

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28
Q

Bursae form where a __ or __ rub another tissue

A

tendon or ligament

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29
Q

inflammation of patella

A

bursitis

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30
Q

most common on women because of heels. base of toe.

A

Bunion

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31
Q

can a joint have both mobility and stability?

A

no, one or the other. the more of one the less of the other.

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32
Q

4 factors that stabilize joints and limit ROM

A

1- ligaments
2- shapes of surfaces
3- bones, muscles and fat pads
4- amount of tension in tendons

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33
Q

articulation surfaces are forced completely out of position, damage articular cartilage, ligaments and joint capsules

A

dislocation/luxation

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34
Q

partial dislocation

A

subluxation

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35
Q

are there pain receptors inside the joint capsule?

A

no

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36
Q

when marker glides along surface inbetween carpal bones. when 2 opposing surfaces sliding past one another

A

gliding

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37
Q

movement in a&p (anterior and posterior) plane that decrease angle between articulating bones

A

flexion

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38
Q

occurs in a&p plane, increases the angle between articulating bones. anatomical position

A

extension

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39
Q

extending past anatomical position

A

hyperextension

40
Q

moving away from midline (lateral)

A

abduction

41
Q

moving toward midline (back to middle)

A

adduction

42
Q

at shoulder. angular movement. circle form.

A

circumduction

43
Q

rotating toward middle (toe in)

A

medial rotation

44
Q

rotating toward back (toe out) (reverse of medial rotation)

A

lateral rotation

45
Q

palm down

A

pronation

46
Q

palm up

A

supination

47
Q

soles face in

A

inversion

48
Q

soles face out

A

eversion

49
Q

pull toes up (toward sky)(walk on heels)

A

dorsiflexion

50
Q

bottom of foot (flex toward plantar region) (walks on ball of feet)

A

plantar flexion

51
Q

thumb touches pinky finger (fold across hand)

A

opposition

52
Q

thumb returns from opposition

A

reposition

53
Q

jaw forward (or shoulder)

A

protraction

54
Q

pull jaw back in (or shoulder)

A

retraction

55
Q

up (open jaw)

A

elevation

56
Q

down (close jaw)

A

depression

57
Q

list movements of cervical spine

A

flexion/ extension/ hyperextension, left and right rotation, left and right lateral flexion

58
Q

the interphalangeal joint is classified as a __ joint

A

hinge

59
Q

the first carpometacarpal joint is a __ joint

A

saddle

60
Q

the metacarpophalangeal joints (2-5) are __ or __ joints

A

condyloid or ellipsoid

61
Q

the intercarpal joints are __ joints

A

gliding

62
Q

the intervertebral dics are

A

fibrocartilage

63
Q

the annulus fibrosis is

A

tough outer layer

64
Q

the nucleus pulposus is

A

soft, elastic, gelatinous core (gishy gooey center)

65
Q

in the annulus fibrosis protrudes into the vertebral canal, it is called a __ __

A

slipped disc

66
Q

if the nucleus pulposus breaks through the annulus fibrosis and protrudes into the vertebral canal, it is called a __ __

A

herniated disc

67
Q

the shoulder is a ___ joint, while the elbow is a __ joint.

A

ball/socket, hinge

68
Q

the hip joint is what type of joint

A

ball/socket

69
Q

the ball is the

A

femur head

70
Q

the socket is the

A

acetabulum

71
Q

does the hip joint have more stability or mobility

A

stability

72
Q

is there any fibrous cartilage in the hip joint?

A

yes

73
Q

what are fibrocartilage in the knee called

A

meniscus

74
Q

7 ligaments of the knee

A 
a=anterior
p=posterior
1-patellar ligament (a)
2,3- 2 popliteal ligaments (p)
4,5- (a) (p) cruciate (inside joint capsule)
6- tibia collateral (medial)
7-fibular collateral (lateral)
75
Q

sternum/clavicle (joint, joint type, and movement)

A

j- sternoclavicular
type- gliding/diarthrosis
m- protraction/retraction, elevation/depression and slight rotation

76
Q

scapula/clavicle (joint, type, movement)

A

j- acomioclavicular
type- gliding/diarthrosis
m- slight movement

77
Q

scapula/humerus (joint, type, movement)

A

j- shoulder or glenohumeral
type- ball&socket/diarthrosis
m-flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, circumduction/ rotation

78
Q

humerus/ulna

humerus/radius (joint, type, movement)

A

j- elbow (humeroulnar and humeroradial)
type-hinge/diarthrosis
m-flexion/extension

79
Q

radius/ulna (j, t, m)

A

j- proximal& distal radioulnar
type- pivot/diarthrosis
m-rotation. pronation/supination

80
Q

radius/carpal bones (j,t,m)

A

j-radiocarparl
t-condylar diarthrosis
m-flexion/extension. adduction/abduction, circumduction

81
Q

carpal bone to carpal bones (j,t,m)

A

j-intercarpal
t-gliding diarthrosis
m-slight movement

82
Q

carpal bone to metacarpal bone (I) (j,t,m)

A

j-carpometacarpal of tumb
t-saddle diarthrosis
m-flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, circumduction/opposition

83
Q

carpal bone to metacarpal bone (II-V) (j,t,m)

A

j- carpometacarpal
t- gliding diarthrosis
m-slight flexion/extension, adduction/abduction

84
Q

metacarpal bone to phalanx (j,t,m)

A

j- metacarpaophalangeal
t- condylar diarthrosis
m- flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, circumduction

85
Q

phalanx to phalanx (j,t,m)

A

j- interphalangeal
t- hinge diarthrosis
m- flexion/extension

86
Q

sacrum/ilium of hip bone (j,t,m)

A

j- sacroiliac
t- gliding diarthrosis
m- slight movement

87
Q

hip bone/ hip bone (j,t,m)

A

j- pubic symphysis
t-amphiarthrosis
m-none

88
Q

hip bone/femur (j,t,m)

A

j- hip
t- ball&socket diarthrosis
m- flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, circumducton/rotation

89
Q

femur/tibia (j,t,m)

A

j-knee
t- complex, functions as hinge
m-flexion/extension, limited rotation

90
Q

tibia/fibula (j,t,m)

A

j- tibiofibular (proximal) tibiofibular (distal)
t- gliding diarthrosis, gliding and amphiartrotic syndesmosis
m- slight movement

91
Q

tibia and fibula with talus (j,t,m)

A

j-ankle or talocrural
t- hinge diarthrosis
m-flexion/extension (dorsiflexion&plantar flexion)

92
Q

tarsal bone to tarsal bone (j,t,m)

A

j- intertarsal
t- gliding diarthrosis
m- slight movement

93
Q

tarsal bone to metatarsal bone (j,t,m)

A

j-tarsometatarsal
t- gliding diarthrosis
m-slight movement

94
Q

metatarsal bone to phalanx (j,t,m)

A

j- metatarsophalangeal
t- condylar diarthrosis
m- flexion/extension, adduction/abduction

95
Q

phalanx/phalanx

A

j- interphalangeal
t-hinge diarthrosis
m-flexion/extension

Anatomy & Physiology Lecture (4 decks)

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