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Anatomy & Physiology Lecture > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

0
Q

Is the hypodermis considered part of the integumentary system

A

No

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1
Q

Two major components of the integumentary system.
1 a&b
2 a,b&c

A 
1 cutaneous membrane 
a epidermis
b dermis
2 accessory membrane 
a hair
b nail
c glands
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2
Q

Two other names for hypodermis

A

Superficial Fascia and subcutaneous layer

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3
Q

Functions of the skin and hypodermis

A 
Protection 
Excretion
Temperature
Melanin
Keratin 
Vitamin D3
Lipid
Sensation
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4
Q

Keratinocytes are cells of the __ that have the protein ___.

A

Epidermis

Keratin

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5
Q

There are _ layers of keratinocytes in thin skin and _ layers in thick skin

A

4 thin

5 thick

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6
Q

Thin skin is located __

A

Most body surface

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7
Q

Thick skin is located __

A

Palm of hands and sole of feet

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8
Q

Thick skin is thicker because

A

5 layers and thicker stratum corneum

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9
Q

Stratum basale aka

A

Stratum germinativum

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10
Q

This is the __ layer

A

Deepest

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11
Q

This is the layer of ____ or (___) cells, which divide continuously

A

Stem cells

Mitotic

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12
Q

Stratum spinosum aka

A

Spiney layer

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13
Q

This is ___ to the stratum basale

A

Superficial

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14
Q

Stratum granulosum aka

A

Grany layer

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15
Q

It is ___ to stratum spinosum

A

Superficial

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16
Q

Cells begin producing the proteins __ and __, killing the cells

A

Keratin

Keratohyalin

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17
Q

Stratum lucidum aka

A

Clear layer

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18
Q

This layer is found in __ skin not __ skin

A

Thick not thin

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19
Q

Stratum corneum is the __ layer

A

Most superficial

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20
Q

Interesting fact bout stratum corneum

A

7-10 days for dead skin to grow back
Water resistant
Can loose moisture to skin

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21
Q

Two pigments of the epidermis

A

Carotene and melanin

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22
Q

An orange-yellow pigment called __ is found in some yellow/orange veggies

A

Carotene

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23
Q

A red-yellow or brown-black pigment called __ is produced by __.

A

Melanin

Melanocytes

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24
Q

Some causes of differences in skin pigmentation between individuals

A

Rates of melanin production

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25
Q

Negative consequences of tanning

A

Skin cancer

Wrinkles

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26
Q

Dermal circulation:

Red

A

Oxygenates red blood contributes to ski color (blood vessels dilate (vasodilation) skin reddens)

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27
Q

White:

A

Blood flow decreases (vasodilation), skin pales

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28
Q

Blue:

A

Cyanosis- caused by severe reduction in blood flow or oxygenation

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29
Q

Yellow:

A

Jaundice

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30
Q

Epidermal cells in the strata __ and __ use UV radiation go make __ aka vitamin __, which gets conveyed into __, which is a hormone that allows the intestine to absorb __ and __ from your food.

A 
Spinosum
Basale
Cholecalciferol 
D3
Calcitriol
Calcium
Phosphorous
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31
Q

Disease caused by vitamin d3 deficiency in children

A

Rickets

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32
Q

Papillary layer

A

Consists of Areolar CT. superficial blood supply to skin. Capillaries, lymphatic vessels and sensory neurons

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33
Q

Reticular layer

A

Deep layer of dermis. Dense regular CT. Collagen and elastic fibers

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34
Q

Dermatitis

A

Inflammation of papillary layer

35
Q

Collagen fibers

A

Strong/ resists stretching easily bent/twisted

36
Q

Elastic fibers

A

Stretchy and recoiled without damage

37
Q

Skin turgor

A

Flexibility and resilience of skin

38
Q

Stretch marks

A

Stretch exceeds elastic limit of skin

39
Q

Retin-A

A

Stuff that swells up skin and reduces wrinkle appearance

40
Q

What causes wrinkled and sagging?

A

Age, hormones, sun, UV rays, weight loss, dehydration

41
Q

Are cleavage likes clinically significant?

A

A cut parallel to cleavage line will stay closed and heal with little scaring. A cut at right angles will be pulled open resulting in greater scaring

42
Q

Contusion

A

Bruise

43
Q

What specific layer of the skin has the most superficial blood supply?

A

Papillary layer of dermis

44
Q

Hypodermis also called __ layer or the __ fascia

A

Subcutaneous

Superficial

45
Q

Why’s skin called blood reservoir?

A

Lot of blood in your skin and lot of blood vessels

46
Q

Hair, hair follicles and glands are __ structures

A

Accessory

47
Q

What are functions of hair?

A

Protection, cushion, insulate, filter, swear gland, sensation.

48
Q

Facts

A

Located dermis

Projects through skin surface

49
Q

Hair follicles

A

All cells around hair

50
Q

Arrector pili muscle

A

Smooth muscle cells around dermis when stimulated (goose bumps)

51
Q

Hair root

A

Part of hair shaft in skin (scalp)

52
Q

Hair shaft

A

Part you see

53
Q

Vellus hairs

A

Body hair

54
Q

Terminal hairs

A

Hairs on head (eyebrow, pubic, eyelashes, etc)

55
Q

What causes different hair colors

A
  • Variation in pigments

- Determined by genes

56
Q

Is coloring your hair good for it? Why?

A

No, rips hair out

57
Q

Sebaceous glands produce __ and are often associated with hair follicles

A

Sebum

58
Q

Are sebaceous glands merocrine, holocrine, or apocrine glands?

A

Holocrine

59
Q

They also produce the __ ___ found on newborns that protect their skin

A

Vernix caseosa

60
Q

Seborrheic dermatitis is

A

Inflammation of sebaceous glands

61
Q

Is it better to leave it on to protect babies skin

A

TRUE

62
Q

Sweat glands are also called

A

Sudoriferous glands

63
Q

Apocrine sweat glands are found

A

Axils, areola, pubis

64
Q

They secrete their products into __ __ and thy begin secreting at __.

A

Hair follicles

Puberty

65
Q

Apocrine sweat glands are merocrine, apocrine or holocrine

A

Merocrine

66
Q

Why do their secretions stink so much?

A

Secreting has scent and the bacteria breaks down to make it smell worse

67
Q

Merocrine sweat glands are also called

A

Eccrine sweat glands

68
Q

They secrete their products directly onto

A

Skin surface

69
Q

They are located all over the body, especially the

A

Hand palms and soles of feet

70
Q

Functions:

A

Cool skin
Excrete water and electrolytes
Flush microorganisms and harmful chemicals from skin sweat kills germs

71
Q

Other integumentary glands

A 
Mammary glands (produce milk)
Ceruminous glands (in external ear canal/produce cerumen or earwax/protect the eardrum
72
Q

How are sweat glands involved in negative feedback

A

When you’re hot you sweat and evaporation helps cool you off

73
Q

Nail body

A

Is the nail

74
Q

Nail bed

A

Epidermis under nail

75
Q

Lateral nail grooves

A

Grooves to side of later nail ends

76
Q

Lateral nail folds

A

Skin to side of later nail groove

77
Q

Free edge

A

Part you clip/file

78
Q

Hyponychium

A

Below nail (thickened epidermis)

79
Q

Nail root

A

Part of nail inside skin where nail is formed

80
Q

Eponychium

A

Cuticle (over nail)

81
Q

Cuticle

A

Dead keratinized cells surrounding nail bed

82
Q

Lunula

A

Moon on bottom of nail

83
Q

Steps involved in repairing integument

A

Blood clot/scab formation
Cellular migration
Epidermis covers granulation tissue
Epidermis covers scar tissue

84
Q

Most collagen and elastic fiber bundles in the dermis run around __ __

A

Cleavage lines

Anatomy & Physiology Lecture (4 decks)

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