Chapter 5 Flashcards by Piper Turman

Is the hypodermis considered part of the integumentary system

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Two major components of the integumentary system.
1 a&b
2 a,b&c

1 cutaneous membrane 
a epidermis
b dermis
2 accessory membrane 
a hair
b nail
c glands

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Two other names for hypodermis

Superficial Fascia and subcutaneous layer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Functions of the skin and hypodermis

Protection 
Excretion
Temperature
Melanin
Keratin 
Vitamin D3
Lipid
Sensation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Keratinocytes are cells of the __ that have the protein ___.

Epidermis

Keratin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

There are _ layers of keratinocytes in thin skin and _ layers in thick skin

4 thin

5 thick

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Thin skin is located __

Most body surface

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Thick skin is located __

Palm of hands and sole of feet

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Thick skin is thicker because

5 layers and thicker stratum corneum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Stratum basale aka

Stratum germinativum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is the __ layer

Deepest

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is the layer of ____ or (___) cells, which divide continuously

Stem cells

Mitotic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Stratum spinosum aka

Spiney layer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This is ___ to the stratum basale

Superficial

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Stratum granulosum aka

Grany layer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It is ___ to stratum spinosum

Superficial

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cells begin producing the proteins __ and __, killing the cells

Keratin

Keratohyalin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Stratum lucidum aka

Clear layer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This layer is found in __ skin not __ skin

Thick not thin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Stratum corneum is the __ layer

Most superficial

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Interesting fact bout stratum corneum

7-10 days for dead skin to grow back
Water resistant
Can loose moisture to skin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Two pigments of the epidermis

Carotene and melanin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

An orange-yellow pigment called __ is found in some yellow/orange veggies

Carotene

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A red-yellow or brown-black pigment called __ is produced by __.

Melanin

Melanocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Some causes of differences in skin pigmentation between individuals

Rates of melanin production

Negative consequences of tanning

Skin cancer | Wrinkles

Dermal circulation: | Red

Oxygenates red blood contributes to ski color (blood vessels dilate (vasodilation) skin reddens)

White:

Blood flow decreases (vasodilation), skin pales

Blue:

Cyanosis- caused by severe reduction in blood flow or oxygenation

Yellow:

Jaundice

Epidermal cells in the strata __ and __ use UV radiation go make __ aka vitamin __, which gets conveyed into __, which is a hormone that allows the intestine to absorb __ and __ from your food.

``` Spinosum Basale Cholecalciferol D3 Calcitriol Calcium Phosphorous ```

Disease caused by vitamin d3 deficiency in children

Rickets

Papillary layer

Consists of Areolar CT. superficial blood supply to skin. Capillaries, lymphatic vessels and sensory neurons

Reticular layer

Deep layer of dermis. Dense regular CT. Collagen and elastic fibers

Dermatitis

Inflammation of papillary layer

Collagen fibers

Strong/ resists stretching easily bent/twisted

Elastic fibers

Stretchy and recoiled without damage

Skin turgor

Flexibility and resilience of skin

Stretch marks

Stretch exceeds elastic limit of skin

Retin-A

Stuff that swells up skin and reduces wrinkle appearance

What causes wrinkled and sagging?

Age, hormones, sun, UV rays, weight loss, dehydration

Are cleavage likes clinically significant?

A cut parallel to cleavage line will stay closed and heal with little scaring. A cut at right angles will be pulled open resulting in greater scaring

Contusion

Bruise

What specific layer of the skin has the most superficial blood supply?

Papillary layer of dermis

Hypodermis also called __ layer or the __ fascia

Subcutaneous | Superficial

Why's skin called blood reservoir?

Lot of blood in your skin and lot of blood vessels

Hair, hair follicles and glands are __ structures

Accessory

What are functions of hair?

Protection, cushion, insulate, filter, swear gland, sensation.

Facts

Located dermis | Projects through skin surface

Hair follicles

All cells around hair

Arrector pili muscle

Smooth muscle cells around dermis when stimulated (goose bumps)

Hair root

Part of hair shaft in skin (scalp)

Hair shaft

Part you see

Vellus hairs

Body hair

Terminal hairs

Hairs on head (eyebrow, pubic, eyelashes, etc)

What causes different hair colors

- Variation in pigments | - Determined by genes

Is coloring your hair good for it? Why?

No, rips hair out

Sebaceous glands produce __ and are often associated with hair follicles

Sebum

Are sebaceous glands merocrine, holocrine, or apocrine glands?

Holocrine

They also produce the __ ___ found on newborns that protect their skin

Vernix caseosa

Seborrheic dermatitis is

Inflammation of sebaceous glands

Is it better to leave it on to protect babies skin

TRUE

Sweat glands are also called

Sudoriferous glands

Apocrine sweat glands are found

Axils, areola, pubis

They secrete their products into __ __ and thy begin secreting at __.

Hair follicles | Puberty

Apocrine sweat glands are merocrine, apocrine or holocrine

Merocrine

Why do their secretions stink so much?

Secreting has scent and the bacteria breaks down to make it smell worse

Merocrine sweat glands are also called

Eccrine sweat glands

They secrete their products directly onto

Skin surface

They are located all over the body, especially the

Hand palms and soles of feet

Functions:

Cool skin Excrete water and electrolytes Flush microorganisms and harmful chemicals from skin sweat kills germs

Other integumentary glands

``` Mammary glands (produce milk) Ceruminous glands (in external ear canal/produce cerumen or earwax/protect the eardrum ```

How are sweat glands involved in negative feedback

When you're hot you sweat and evaporation helps cool you off

Nail body

Is the nail

Nail bed

Epidermis under nail

Lateral nail grooves

Grooves to side of later nail ends

Lateral nail folds

Skin to side of later nail groove

Free edge

Part you clip/file

Hyponychium

Below nail (thickened epidermis)

Nail root

Part of nail inside skin where nail is formed

Eponychium

Cuticle (over nail)

Cuticle

Dead keratinized cells surrounding nail bed

Lunula

Moon on bottom of nail

Steps involved in repairing integument

Blood clot/scab formation Cellular migration Epidermis covers granulation tissue Epidermis covers scar tissue

Most collagen and elastic fiber bundles in the dermis run around __ __

Cleavage lines