Chapter 9 Flashcards
A form of social stratification in which some people own people
Slavery
The division of large numbers of people into layers according to their relative property, power, and prestige; applies to both nations and people within a nation, society, or other people
Social stratification
The contractual system in which someone sells his or her body (services) for a specified period of time in an arrangement very close to slavery, except that it is entered into voluntarily
Bonded labor (indentured service)
Beliefs about the way things ought to be at justify social arrangements
Ideology
A form of social stratification in which peoples statuses are lifelong conditions determined by birth
Caste system
The practice of marrying within one’s own group
Endogamy
The separation of racial-ethnic groups as was practiced in South Africa
Apartheid
The stratification system of medieval Europe, consisting of three groups of estates; the nobility, clergy, and commoners
Estate stratification system
A form of social stratification based primarily on the possessions of money or material possessions
Class system
Movement up or down the social class ladder
Social mobility
The tools, factories, land, and investment capital used to produce wealth
Means of production
Marxist term for capitalists, those who own the means of production
Bourgeoisie
Marx’s term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own the means of production
Proletariat
Marx’s term for awareness of the common identity based on one’s position in the means of production
Class consciousness
Marx’s term to refer to workers identifying with the interests of capitalists
False class consciousness
The form of social stratification in which all positions are awarded on the basis of merit
Meritocracy
The idea that the King’s authority comes from God; and an interesting gender Bender, also applies to Queens
Divine right of kings
The process by which one nation takes over another nation, usually for the purpose of exploiting its labor and financial resources
Colonialism
How economic and political connections developed and now tie the world countries together
World system theory
Capitalism (investing to make profits within a rational system) becoming the globe’s dominant economic system
Globalization of capitalism
The assumption that the values and behaviors of the poor make them fundamentally different from other people, that these factors are largely responsible for their poverty, and that parents perpetuate poverty across generations by passing these characteristics to their children
Culture of poverty
The economic and political dominance of the most industrialized nations over the least industrialized nations
Neocolonialism
Companies that operate across national boundaries; also called transnational corporations
Multinational corporations
