Chapter 9 Flashcards

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0
Q

A form of social stratification in which some people own people

A

Slavery

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1
Q

The division of large numbers of people into layers according to their relative property, power, and prestige; applies to both nations and people within a nation, society, or other people

A

Social stratification

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2
Q

The contractual system in which someone sells his or her body (services) for a specified period of time in an arrangement very close to slavery, except that it is entered into voluntarily

A

Bonded labor (indentured service)

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3
Q

Beliefs about the way things ought to be at justify social arrangements

A

Ideology

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4
Q

A form of social stratification in which peoples statuses are lifelong conditions determined by birth

A

Caste system

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5
Q

The practice of marrying within one’s own group

A

Endogamy

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6
Q

The separation of racial-ethnic groups as was practiced in South Africa

A

Apartheid

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7
Q

The stratification system of medieval Europe, consisting of three groups of estates; the nobility, clergy, and commoners

A

Estate stratification system

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8
Q

A form of social stratification based primarily on the possessions of money or material possessions

A

Class system

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9
Q

Movement up or down the social class ladder

A

Social mobility

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10
Q

The tools, factories, land, and investment capital used to produce wealth

A

Means of production

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11
Q

Marxist term for capitalists, those who own the means of production

A

Bourgeoisie

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12
Q

Marx’s term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own the means of production

A

Proletariat

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13
Q

Marx’s term for awareness of the common identity based on one’s position in the means of production

A

Class consciousness

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14
Q

Marx’s term to refer to workers identifying with the interests of capitalists

A

False class consciousness

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15
Q

The form of social stratification in which all positions are awarded on the basis of merit

A

Meritocracy

16
Q

The idea that the King’s authority comes from God; and an interesting gender Bender, also applies to Queens

A

Divine right of kings

17
Q

The process by which one nation takes over another nation, usually for the purpose of exploiting its labor and financial resources

A

Colonialism

18
Q

How economic and political connections developed and now tie the world countries together

A

World system theory

19
Q

Capitalism (investing to make profits within a rational system) becoming the globe’s dominant economic system

A

Globalization of capitalism

20
Q

The assumption that the values and behaviors of the poor make them fundamentally different from other people, that these factors are largely responsible for their poverty, and that parents perpetuate poverty across generations by passing these characteristics to their children

A

Culture of poverty

21
Q

The economic and political dominance of the most industrialized nations over the least industrialized nations

A

Neocolonialism

22
Q

Companies that operate across national boundaries; also called transnational corporations

A

Multinational corporations