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Sociology > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Using rules, efficiency, and practical results to determine human affairs

A

rationality

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2
Q

A society in which the past is thought to be the best guide for the present; tribal, peasant, and feudal societies

A

traditional society

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3
Q

One key aspect of traditional relationships: ____ relationships are at the heart of this kind of society.

A

Personal

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4
Q

Second key aspect of traditional societies: That the ___ is the guide for how to live life today.

A

past

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5
Q

Tradition is replaced by ___ in the shift from traditional societies to industrial societies meaning it must move from relationships toward the bottom line as the primary concern.

A

rationality

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6
Q

A widespread acceptance of rationality and social organizations that are built largely around this idea.

A

rationalization of society.

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7
Q

An economic system characterized by the private owner-ship of the means of production, the pursuit of profit, and market competition.

A

capitalism

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8
Q

Who claimed that capitalism broke tradition?

A

Karl Marx

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9
Q

Who claimed that religion broke tradition?

A

Max Weber.

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10
Q

Who believed that Protestantism produced rationality?

A

Weber

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11
Q

Who believed that capitalism produced rationality?

A

Marx

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12
Q

A secondary group designed to achieve explicit objectives.

A

Formal organization

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13
Q

Formal organizations are found __ in traditional societies.

A

rarely

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14
Q

__ are an example of an exception in traditional societies which do not usually have formal organization.

A

Guilds

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15
Q

One of the main characteristics of formal organizations is that they develop into ___.

A

bureaucracies.

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16
Q

Formal organizations are the ____ feature of our life today.

A

central

17
Q

A formal organization with a hierarchy of authority and a clear division of labor; emphasis on impersonality of positions and written rules, communications, and records.

A

bureaucracy

18
Q

The process by which ordinary aspects of life are rationalized and efficiency comes to rule them, including such things as food prep.

A

McDonaldization of society

19
Q

An organization replacing old goals with new ones; also known as goal replacement.

A

goal displacement

20
Q

The March of Dimes is an example of

A

Goal displacement and the perpetuation of bureaucracies

21
Q

The American Express card replacement story is an example of

A

Dysfunction of bureaucracies

22
Q

Marx’s term for workers’ lack of connection to the product of their labor; caused by workers being assigned repetitive tasks on a small part of a product - this leads to a sense of powerlessness and normlessness; others use the term in the general sense of not feeling a part of something.

A

Alienation

23
Q

A tongue in-cheek observation that the members of an organization are promoted for their accomplishments until they reach their level of incompetence; there they cease to be promoted, remaining at the level at which they can no longer do good work.

A

Peter Principle

24
Q

Groups, considered bureaucracies, made up of people who voluntarily organize on the basis of some mutual interest; also known as voluntary memberships and voluntary organizations.

A

Voluntary associations

25
Q

Robert Michel’s term for the tendency of formal organizations to be dominated by a small, self perpetuating elite

A

iron law of oligarchy

26
Q

Organizing a workplace in such a way that it develops rather than impedes human potential.

A

humanizing the work setting

27
Q

The values, norms, and other orientation that characterize corporate work settings.

A

Corporate culture

28
Q

What are two ways that corporations have tried to humanize the work setting?

A

Worker empowerment and child care

29
Q

Small groups of workers who set goals and develop solutions to reach them

A

Work teams

30
Q

Preconceived ideas of what someone is like that leads to the person’s behaving in ways that match the stereotype

A

Self-fulfilling stereotype

31
Q

Stereotypes of the traits that make for high-performing and underperforming workers

A

Hidden corporate culture

Sociology (7 decks)

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