Chapter 8 Flashcards
What is deviant to some not deviant to others is referred to as
Relativity of deviance
The violation of norms (or rules or exceptions)
Deviance
The violation of norms written into law
Crime
“Blemishes” that discredit the person claim to a “normal” identity
Stigma
A group’s usual and customary social arrangements, on which its members depend and on which they base their lives
Social order
A group’s formal and informal means of enforcing its norms
Social control
An expression of disapproval for breaking the norm, ranging from a mild informal reaction such as a frown, to a formal reaction such as a fine or a prison sentence
Negative sanction
An expression of approval for following a norm, ranging from a smile or a good grade in a class to a material reward such as a prize
Positive sanction
Inborn tendencies (for example, a tendency to commit deviant acts)
Genetic predisposition
Crimes such as mugging, rape, and burglary
Street crime
The view that a personality disturbance of some sort causes an individual to violate social norms
Personality disorders
Edwin Sutherland’s term to indicate that people who associate with some groups learn an”excess of definitions” of deviance, increasing the likelihood that they will become deviant
Differential association
The idea that two control systems-inner controls and outer controls-work against our tendencies to deviate
Control theory
Sociologist who developed control theory
Walter Reckless
A term coined by Harold Garfinkel to refer to a ritual whose goal is to remake someone self by stripping away that individuals self-identity and stamping a new identity and its place
Degradation ceremony
