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health assessment Test 1 > Chapter 9* > Flashcards

Chapter 9* Flashcards

1
Q

Define Nutritional Health

A

The physical result of the balance between nutrient intake and nutritional requirements.

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2
Q

In adults and older adults, nutritional health can be associate with the prevention or development of chronic disease in conditions involving both_____ and___.

A

Undernutrition

Over-nutrition

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3
Q

What factors are related to undernutrition?

A
  • Chronic disease, acute illness, or injury
  • Multiple medications
  • Food insecurity
  • Restrictive eating due to chronic dieting, disordered eating, faddism, or food beliefs, alcohol abuse.
  • Depression, bereavement, loneliness, social isolation
  • Poor dental health
  • Decreased knowledge or skills about food preparation and recommendations
  • Extreme age
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4
Q

What is another name for undernutrition?

A

Malnutrition

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5
Q

Define malnutrition

A

An imbalance, whether a deficit or excess, of the required nutrients of a balanced diet.

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6
Q

What factors are related to over-nutrition?

A
  • Excess intake of fat, sugar, calories, or nutrients.
  • Alcohol abuse
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • Decreased knowledge or skills about food preparation and recommendations
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7
Q

A client who consumes adequate nutrition to meet individual needs and avoids habitual excess and insufficiencies would be considered what?

A

In good nutritional health.

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8
Q

Define protein-callorie malnutrition

A

A nutrient deficiency resulting from undernutrition

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9
Q

The Healthy People 2020 objectives concerning overweight and obesity are:

A
  • Increase the proportion of adults who are at a healthy weight.
  • Reduce the proportion of adults who are obese.
  • Reduce growth retardation among low-income children under age 5 years.
  • Prevent inappropriate weight gain in youth and adulthood.
  • Prevent inappropriate weight gain in youth and adulthood.
  • Increase the variety and contribution of vegetables to diets of the population 2 years of age and older.
  • Reduce the consumption of saturated fats in the population aged 2 years and older.
  • Increase the consumption of calcium in the population 2 years and older.
  • Reduce the consumption of sodium in the population aged 2 years and older. Reduce iron deficiency among young children and females of childbearing age.
  • Reduce low birth weight and very low birth weight.
  • Increase the proportion of pregnancies begun with an optimum folic acid level.
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10
Q

Additional Objectives for Healthy People 202 include.

A
  • Reduce consumption of solid fats and added sugars for ages 2 and older.
  • Increases state policies that encourage food retailers to follow dietary guidelines.
  • Increase nutritional standards in many states for preschool-age children in childcare.
  • Increase nutritious foods and beverages outside of school meals.
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11
Q

Define the nutritional assessment tool: diet recall

A

also called a 24-hour recall, can be done quickly in most setting to obtain a snapshot assessment of dietary in take.
-A client is asked to verbally recall all food, beverages, and nutritional supplements or products consumed in a set 24-hour period.

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12
Q

A ___ ____ ___ assesses intake of a variety of food groups on a daily, weekly, or longer basis.

A

Food frequency questionnaire (Nutritional Assessment Tool)

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13
Q

Keeping a ___ ___ or ___ for up to 3 days can provide supplemental information for nutritional history.

A

food record; diary (Nutritional Assessment Tool)

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14
Q

A focused Nutritional History Interview includes…

A

Food intake, Beliefs and practices, supplement and medication usage, supplement and medication usage, socioeconomic and educational influences.

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15
Q

Diet recall, Food frequency questionnaire, food record, and Focused nutritional history are all ____ data.

A

Subjective

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16
Q

The physical assessment portion of a nutritional assessment consists of two parts:

A

anthropometric measurements and head-to-toe physical assessment of a client.

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17
Q

Anthropometric measurements include any scientific measurements of the body including:

A
  • Waist circumference
  • Skin-fold measures
  • Midarm muscle and calf circumferences
  • Bioelectrical impedance analysis
  • Near-infared interactance
  • Laboratory body composition
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18
Q

Height, weight, and measurement of body fat and muscle composition are what type of measurements?

A

Anthropometric measurements

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19
Q

Laboratory testing includes testing for what?

A
  • Plasma proteins (Albumin, Prealbumin, Transferin)
  • Total lymphocytes
  • Delayed skin hypersensitivity test
  • Cholesterol
  • Anemia diagnostics
  • Nitrogen balance
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20
Q

Name analogies for estimating portion size.

A
  • Computer mouse: Small potato or piece of fruit
  • Deck of cards: 3 oz. animal protein
  • Small box of wooden matches: 1 oz. cheese
  • Golf Ball: 2 tbsp
  • Four thumbs: 4 tbsp
  • Tightly clenched small woman’s fist: 1 cup dry measure
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21
Q

Clinical finding associated with poor nutritional health can be observed by looking at the…

A

Hair, Face, Eyes, Mouth, Glands, Skin, Skelton, Trunk, Genitalia, Nails, Nervous system, heart.

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22
Q

Changes in hair due to poor nutrition are…

A

-Dullness
-Sparseness or alopecia
-Dyspigmentation (flag sign)
Brittleness

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23
Q

Changes in hair associated with poor nutrition are due to deficits in…

A

Protein, Biotin, Zinc

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24
Q

Changes in the face due to poor nutrition are…

A
  • Moon face

- Pallor

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25
Q

Changes in the face associated with poor nutrition are due to deficits in…

A
  • Protein

- iron

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26
Q

Changes in the eyes due to poor nutrition are…

A
  • Dry mucosa (xerophthalmia)
  • Blindness
  • Bitot’s spot
  • Pale conjunctiva
  • Yellow sub dermal fat deposits around lids (xanthelasma)
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27
Q

Changes in the eyes associated with poor nutrition due to deficits in…

A
  • Vitamin A
  • Iron
  • Cholesterol
28
Q

Changes to the lips due to poor nutrition are…

A
  • Cracks at the mouth corners (angular stomatitis)

- Inflammation of the mouth (cheilosis)

29
Q

angular stomatitis and cheilosis are due to deficits in…

A

Riboflavin

30
Q

Poor nutrition can lead to changes in the tongue such as…

A
  • Deep, red, smooth tongue (glossitis)
  • Atrophic papillae
  • Diminished taste (hypogeusia)
31
Q

Poor nutrition can cause changes in the teeth such as…

A
  • Delayed eruption
  • Caries
  • Mottled enamel
32
Q

Poor nutrition can cause changes in the gums such as…

A
  • Spongy

- Bleed easily

33
Q

Deficits in the mouth (Lips, Tongue, Teeth, and Gums) include…

A
  • Riboflavin
  • Niacin
  • Vitamin B6
  • Iron
  • Zinc
  • Vitamin D
  • Excess fluoride
  • Vitamin C
34
Q

Changes in the glands due to poor nutrition are…

A
  • Increased parotid size

- Increased thyroid size

35
Q

Deficits in the glads include…

A
  • Iodine
  • Protein
  • Bulimia
36
Q

Poor nutrition can cause changes in the skin such as…

A
  • Poor wound healing
  • Decubitus ulcers
  • Follicular hyperkeratosis (goosebumps flesh)
  • Dryness
  • Scaling
  • Photosensitivity rash (pellagra)
  • Bruising (purpura)
  • Pinpoint hemorrhages (petechiae)
37
Q

Deficits that cause chafes int he skin include:

A
  • Protein
  • Calories
  • Vitamin C
  • Zinc
  • Vitamin A
  • Essential Fatty acids
  • Niacin
  • Vitamin K
38
Q

Changes in the skeleton due to poor nutrition include…

A
  • Stunted growth
  • Beading on the ribs (rachitic rosary)
  • Bowed legs (rickets)
  • Widened ephyses
  • Narrow chest (Pigeon breast)
39
Q

Deficits that cause changes in the skin are…

A
  • Protein
  • Calories
  • Zinc
  • Vitamin D
40
Q

Poor nutrition can cause chafes in the trunk of the body such as…

A
  • Ascites
  • Loss of Fat
  • Muscle wasting
41
Q

Deficits that cause changes in the trunk are…

A
  • Protein

- Calories

42
Q

Poor nutrition can cause chafes in the the genitalia such as…

A

Hypogonadism

43
Q

The deficit that causes hypogonadism is

44
Q

Poor nutrition can cause chafes in the limbs such as…

A
  • Edema
  • Loss of fat
  • Muscle wasting
45
Q

Deficits that cause changes in the limbs are…

A
  • Protein

- Calories

46
Q

Changes in nails due to poor nutrition include.

A

Koilonychia

47
Q

Koilonychia is caused by a deficit in…

48
Q

poor nutrition can cause chafes in the nervous system such as…

A
  • Hyporeflexia
  • Confabulation
  • Dementia
  • Confusion
  • Ataxia
  • Neuropathy
  • Tetany
49
Q

Changes in the nervous system are caused by deficits in…

A
  • Vitamin B12
  • Calcium
  • Magnesium
  • Excess amounts of Vitamin B6
50
Q

Poor nutrition can cause chafes in the Cardiac System such as…

A

Arrhythmias

51
Q

Deficits in ___ and ___ can cause changes in the cardiac system.

A

Potassium

Magnesium

52
Q

When conducting a nutrition assessment for pregnant women and children the following should be included…

A
  • Comprehensive nutritional history
  • Physical examination
  • Anthropometric measurements
  • Laboratory testing
53
Q

When evaluating adults it is important to look for signs of ___ and ___.

A
  • Over-nutrition

- Undernutrition

54
Q

Undernutrition can affect the ___ __ ___, ___, and ___ of older adults.

A

Quality of Life, Morbidity, Mortality

55
Q

According to the Health Assessment book, the ___ ___ ___ can be used for individual food guid planning and diet analysis.

A

Food guide pyramid

56
Q

What is REAP?

A

Rapid Eating and Activity Assessment of Clients
The REAP tool is a food and eating questionnaire for clients to complete BEFORE a clinic or office visit. Dietary guidelines

57
Q

What is WAVE?

A

Weight, Activity, Variety in diet, and Excess related to over-nutrition, calories, foods, and alcohol.

58
Q

What is the DETERMINE checklist?

A 
Disease
Eating poorly
Tooth-loss/mouth pain
Economic hardship
Reduced social contact
Multiple medicines
Involuntary weight loss/gain 
Needs assistance in self-care
Elder years above 80 years

The mnemonic scores the nine warning signs of poor nutrition for community-dwelling elderly.

59
Q

The Minimum Data Set is…

A

The Minimum Data Set (MDS) is a component of the Residential Assessment Instrument mandated for all clients in MEDICARE. <——
MDS nutritional components are to be included in admission assessments for all residents as well as quarterly and annual updates.

60
Q

What is a Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and Subjective Global Assessment (SGA)?

A

Assessment of the elderly

61
Q

What tool is used with REAP?

62
Q

What are the steps to the nursing process?

A
  • Perform assessment
  • Identify problems
  • Plan
  • Implement
  • Evaluate
  • Re-evaluate
63
Q

what is anarca?

A

generalized edema

64
Q

BMI=

A

weight (kg) /height^2 (meters)

65
Q

what does BMI stand for

A

body mass index

66
Q

Cholesterol reading of greater than ____ the patient has an increased risk of cardiovascular disease

67
Q

cholesterol reading of less than ___ the patient has an increased risk of malnutrition

health assessment Test 1 (10 decks)

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