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health assessment Test 1 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Define wellness

A

the state of life that is balanced, personally satisfying, and characterized by the ability to adapt and to participate in activities that enhance quality of life

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2
Q

Concept basic to wellness include:

A

self-responsibility and decision making regarding nutrition, physical fitness, stress management, emotional growth and well-being, personal safety, and health care

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3
Q

When using a wellness perspective the nurse focuses on the client’s _____ ______ and abilities to ______ _______

A

personal strength and abilities to enhance health

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4
Q

Dunn defines wellness as

A

the individual as an integrated method of functioning that is oriented toward maximizing the potential of which the individual is capable. it requires the individual to maintain a continuum of balance and purposeful direction within the environment where he is functioning.

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5
Q

Dunn’s theory of wellness is see as a

A

Health axis or grid

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6
Q

Leavell and Clark describe what

A

Primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of prevention in the healthcare system

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7
Q

In Leavell and Clark model actions are taken to:

A

Maintain health, prevent illness, provide early detection of a disease and restore the individual to the highest level of optimum functioning

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8
Q

define primary prevention

A

implies health and a high level of wellness for the individual.

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9
Q

Give a few examples of primary prevention strategies

A

immunizations healthy diet, health teaching, genetic counseling, and the correct use of safety equipment at work.

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10
Q

what is the focus of secondary prevention

A

early diagnosis of health problems and prompt treatment with the restoration of health

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11
Q

Give a few example of secondary prevention strategies

A

screenings, blood tests, x-rays, surgery, and dental care

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12
Q

Define tertiary prevention

A

activity aimed to restore the individual to the highest possible level of health and functioning.

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13
Q

Give some examples of tertiary prevention strategies

A

rehabilitation centers,

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14
Q

in regards to levels of prevention:

wellness ——–> ______ —–> return to wellness

A

illness

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15
Q

in regards to levels of prevention:

prepatholog——> pathology—–> ______

A

rehabilitation

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16
Q

in regards to levels of prevention:

______ ——> secondary prevention——> ______

A

Primary prevention —- secondary prevention — tertiary prevention

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17
Q

Travis model implies an ever changing state of health with the ______ of the continuum being ___

A

midpoint … neutral

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18
Q

health promotion refers to:

A

actions used to increase health or well-being and the improvement of the health of individuals, families, and communities

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19
Q

Pender, Murdaugh, and Parsons defined heath promotion as

A

behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and actualize human potential

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20
Q

What are some examples of health promotion

A

weight-control measures, exercise, management of stress, and coping with life experiences

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21
Q

An individual’s health status or level of wellness is determined by:

A

risk factors, physical fitness, nutrition health behaviors, and lifestyle.

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22
Q

Examples of risk factors that can not be controlled in regards to health status

A

age, gender, biologic characteristics family history

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23
Q

The health belief model was developed to predict:?

A

who would participate in health screenings or obtain vaccinations.

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24
Q

according to the health belief model what individual perceptions influence the decision to act to prevent illness

A

one is vulnerable to an illness, the effects of the illness are serious, the behavior prevents the illness the benefit of reducing a risk is greater than the cost of the preventive behavior.

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25
Q

What is the first mediating variables that influence perceptions:

A

perceived susceptibility

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26
Q

What is perceived susceptibility

A

the belief about the likelihood of developing an illness

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27
Q

What is the second mediating variables that influence perceptions:

A

Perceived severity

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28
Q

what is perceived severity

A

refers to the individual’s determination of how serious an illness would be

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29
Q

what 3 things is included in the severity

A

physical, psychologic and social effects

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30
Q

The 3 mediating variables that influence perceptions:

A

the perceived cost of the health - promoting behavior

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31
Q

the individual must weigh the ____ and _____ cost versus the benefit

A

physical and psychologic

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32
Q

The health belief model includes three constructs that are:

A

cues to action and self-efficacy and mediating factors

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33
Q

define cues to action

A

internal and eternal stimuli that affect the individual’s activities motivation to participate in health-promoting

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34
Q

Define self-efficacy

A

the level of confidence an individual has about the ability to perform the activity

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35
Q

The last construct of the health belief model is

A

mediating factors

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36
Q

Define mediating factors

A

influencing the perceptions of vulnerability, severity, effectiveness, and cost.

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37
Q

examples of mediating factors are:

A

age, gender, ethnicity, education, and economic status

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38
Q

The theory of reasoned action/planned behavior is a prediction theory representing a ______ method for predicting health behavior

A

sociopsychologic

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39
Q

attitude, subjective norms, self-efficacy leads to intention that leads to

A

health-promoting behavior

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40
Q

Subjective norms refer to:

A

the individual’s perception of what significant others believe or expect in relation to the individuals performance of a behavior

41
Q

Attitude refers to

A

low-fat diet is a good way to prevent heart disease

42
Q

Self-efficacy refers to

A

the level of confidence in one ‘s ability to perform a behavior

43
Q

when the individual believes that the benefit outweighs the cost is what theory

A

reasoned action/planned behavior

44
Q

The health promotion model is a ___ model

A

competence

45
Q

The health promotion model focuses on:

A

individual characteristics and behaviors, and variables that impact motivation and behavior outcomes

46
Q

what are the 11 aspects of the health promotion model

A
  1. individual characteristics and behaviors, 2. behavior-specific cognition and affects 3. perceived benefits of action 4. perceived barriers to action 5. perceived self-efficacy 6. activity-related affect 7. interpersonal influences 8. situational influences 9. commitment to a plan of action 10. immediate competing demands and preferences 11. behavioral outcomes
47
Q

according to the health promotion model, ___ ___ ____ and ___ factors have an effect on future behaviors

A

prior related behaviors and personal

48
Q

prior related behaviors include:

A

knowledge, skill, and experience with health- promoting activities.

49
Q

what type of effect can prior related behaviors have on health promotion

A

positive and negative

50
Q

personal factors that can influence behavior are

A

biologic, psychologic, and sociologic.

51
Q

what are biologic factors

A

age, gender, body mass index, strength, agility, and balance.

52
Q

what are psychologic factors

A

self-esteem, motivation, and perceptions of one’s health status

53
Q

what are socioeconomic status factors

A

education, race, and ethnicity

54
Q

behavior-specific cognition and affect are variables that impact ____ to begin and continue activities to promote health

A

motivation

55
Q

what are the variables for behavior-specific cognition and affect factors?

A

perceived benefit of action, perceived barriers to action, perceived self-efficacy, activity-related affect, inter-personal influences, and situational influences

56
Q

barriers to participation in health-promoting activities maybe ____ or ___

A

real or imagined

57
Q

the barriers of perceived barriers to action are:

A

perceptions about the availability expense, convenience, difficulty, and time required for an activity

58
Q

Perceived benefits of action are determined by:

A

the belief that the behavior is beneficial or results in a positive oucome

59
Q

benefits of the perceived benefits of action are

A

intrinsic, such as stress reduction, or extrinsic, such as financial reward

60
Q

define perceived self-efficacy

A

is a judgement of ones ability to successfully participate in health promoting activity to achieve a desired outcome

61
Q

individuals that have high self-efficacy are more likely to overcome barriers and commit to

A

health-promoting activity

62
Q

Low self-efficacy have ____ efforts or cease participation in activities

A

diminished

63
Q

activity-related affect refers to

A

subjective feelings before, during and after an activity

64
Q

Interpersonal influences are:

A

the individuals perceptions of the behaviors, beliefs or attitudes or others

65
Q

Situational influences defined is

A

perceptions and ideas about situations or contexts

66
Q

situational influences on health-promoting activities include

A

perceptions of available options, demand characteristics, and aesthetics of an environment

67
Q

what are two factors that facilitate health-promotion

A

environments that are safe and interesting and that promote comfort and acceptance vs. alienationa

68
Q

commitment to a plan of action includes two components:

A

commitment to carry out a specific activity, identification of strategies for carrying out and reinforcing the activity

69
Q

Competing demands are ____ ____ over which the individual has little control

A

alternative activities

70
Q

the demands that compete for individual demands and preferences are

A

family and work responsiblities

71
Q

what is the expected outcome in the health promotion model

A

health-promoting behavior

72
Q

what are 3 outcomes of the health-promoting model

A

improved health, better functional ability, and improved quality of life across the lage span

73
Q

The goals of health people 2020 are

A

to eliminate preventable diseases, disability, injury and premature death; achieve health equity; create environments that promote good health; and promote healthy development and behaviors across the life span

74
Q

The goals of health people 2020 redirect—- to —-

A

health care to health determinants.

75
Q

what does health determinants include

A

personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence individual and population health.

76
Q

social determinants include

A

family, community, income, education, sex, race/ethnicity, place of residence, and access to health care.

77
Q

physicaldeterminants include

A

natural environments and those such as transportation, water, and sanitation, housing and other known as built environments

78
Q

What is the mission of healthy people 2020

A

is to offer practical guidance on using information, education, and other interventions to improve health

79
Q

what are some of the topic areas for healthy people 2020

A

physical activity, nutrition, tobacco use, alcohol and substance abuse, sexual and reproductive health, mental health, injury and violence prevention, occupational safety and health, environmental health oral health emerging issues and preventive services by life stages.

80
Q

physical activity is important at all ages to maintain :

A

physical health; promote psychologic well-being and reduce the incident of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and some forms of cancer

81
Q

what are some results of regular physical activity

A

reduced risk of premature death, reduced risk of death from cardiovascular disease, reduced risk of development of diabetes, reduced risk of development of hypertension, reduced risk of development of colon cancer, reduction in depression and anxiety, weight reduction or control

82
Q

The level of intensity of exercise may be measured by use of the:

A

metabolic equivalent level (MET)

83
Q

The MET is used to ?

A

estimate the amount of oxygen used during activity

84
Q

The intensity of an activity can be measured by

A

determining if the heart rate is within a target zone

85
Q

exercise may be categorized according to

A

the type of muscle activity and source of energy

86
Q

Muscle activities are classified as

A

isotonic, isometric, or resistive

87
Q

isotonic exercise is also called

A

dynamic exercise

88
Q

Exercises are classified according to:

A

the source of energy used

89
Q

Two types of classification of exercise are

A

aerobic or anaerobic

90
Q

aerobic exercise refers to

A

activity in which oxygen is metabolized to produce energy

91
Q

examples of aerobic exercise include

A

walking, jogging, swimming and skating

92
Q

Two improvements in aerobic exercise are

A

cardiovascular function and physical fitness

93
Q

Anaerobic exercise refers to

A

activity in which the energy required is provided without using inspired oxygen

94
Q

examples of anaerobic exercise refers to

A

endurance training and is generally limited to short periods of vigorous activity

95
Q

what is the useful tool used for the assessment of alcohol and substance abuse.

A

CAGE

96
Q

CAGE stands for

A

C cutting down on drinking, A annoyance with criticism about drinking, G guilt about drinking, and using alcohol as an “Eye-opener” E

97
Q

immunizations can prevent ____, ____, and the ___

A

disease, disability, and the spread of infection

98
Q

who does the nurse work with in the nursing process

A

the client

99
Q

what type of assessment is essential to health promotion

A

comprehensive

health assessment Test 1 (10 decks)

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