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Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Define wellness

A

the state of life that is balanced, personally satisfying, and characterized by the ability to adapt and to participate in activities that enhance quality of life

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2
Q

Concept basic to wellness include:

A

self-responsibility and decision making regarding nutrition, physical fitness, stress management, emotional growth and well-being, personal safety, and health care

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3
Q

When using a wellness perspective the nurse focuses on the client’s _____ ______ and abilities to ______ _______

A

personal strength and abilities to enhance health

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4
Q

Dunn defines wellness as

A

the individual as an integrated method of functioning that is oriented toward maximizing the potential of which the individual is capable. it requires the individual to maintain a continuum of balance and purposeful direction within the environment where he is functioning.

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5
Q

Dunn’s theory of wellness is see as a

A

Health axis or grid

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6
Q

Leavell and Clark describe what

A

Primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of prevention in the healthcare system

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7
Q

In Leavell and Clark model actions are taken to:

A

Maintain health, prevent illness, provide early detection of a disease and restore the individual to the highest level of optimum functioning

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8
Q

define primary prevention

A

implies health and a high level of wellness for the individual.

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9
Q

Give a few examples of primary prevention strategies

A

immunizations healthy diet, health teaching, genetic counseling, and the correct use of safety equipment at work.

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10
Q

what is the focus of secondary prevention

A

early diagnosis of health problems and prompt treatment with the restoration of health

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11
Q

Give a few example of secondary prevention strategies

A

screenings, blood tests, x-rays, surgery, and dental care

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12
Q

Define tertiary prevention

A

activity aimed to restore the individual to the highest possible level of health and functioning.

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13
Q

Give some examples of tertiary prevention strategies

A

rehabilitation centers,

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14
Q

in regards to levels of prevention:

wellness ——–> ______ —–> return to wellness

A

illness

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15
Q

in regards to levels of prevention:

prepatholog——> pathology—–> ______

A

rehabilitation

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16
Q

in regards to levels of prevention:

______ ——> secondary prevention——> ______

A

Primary prevention —- secondary prevention — tertiary prevention

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17
Q

Travis model implies an ever changing state of health with the ______ of the continuum being ___

A

midpoint … neutral

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18
Q

health promotion refers to:

A

actions used to increase health or well-being and the improvement of the health of individuals, families, and communities

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19
Q

Pender, Murdaugh, and Parsons defined heath promotion as

A

behavior motivated by the desire to increase well-being and actualize human potential

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20
Q

What are some examples of health promotion

A

weight-control measures, exercise, management of stress, and coping with life experiences

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21
Q

An individual’s health status or level of wellness is determined by:

A

risk factors, physical fitness, nutrition health behaviors, and lifestyle.

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22
Q

Examples of risk factors that can not be controlled in regards to health status

A

age, gender, biologic characteristics family history

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23
Q

The health belief model was developed to predict:?

A

who would participate in health screenings or obtain vaccinations.

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24
Q

according to the health belief model what individual perceptions influence the decision to act to prevent illness

A

one is vulnerable to an illness, the effects of the illness are serious, the behavior prevents the illness the benefit of reducing a risk is greater than the cost of the preventive behavior.

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25
What is the first mediating variables that influence perceptions:
perceived susceptibility
26
What is perceived susceptibility
the belief about the likelihood of developing an illness
27
What is the second mediating variables that influence perceptions:
Perceived severity
28
what is perceived severity
refers to the individual's determination of how serious an illness would be
29
what 3 things is included in the severity
physical, psychologic and social effects
30
The 3 mediating variables that influence perceptions:
the perceived cost of the health - promoting behavior
31
the individual must weigh the ____ and _____ cost versus the benefit
physical and psychologic
32
The health belief model includes three constructs that are:
cues to action and self-efficacy and mediating factors
33
define cues to action
internal and eternal stimuli that affect the individual's activities motivation to participate in health-promoting
34
Define self-efficacy
the level of confidence an individual has about the ability to perform the activity
35
The last construct of the health belief model is
mediating factors
36
Define mediating factors
influencing the perceptions of vulnerability, severity, effectiveness, and cost.
37
examples of mediating factors are:
age, gender, ethnicity, education, and economic status
38
The theory of reasoned action/planned behavior is a prediction theory representing a ______ method for predicting health behavior
sociopsychologic
39
attitude, subjective norms, self-efficacy leads to intention that leads to
health-promoting behavior
40
Subjective norms refer to:
the individual's perception of what significant others believe or expect in relation to the individuals performance of a behavior
41
Attitude refers to
low-fat diet is a good way to prevent heart disease
42
Self-efficacy refers to
the level of confidence in one 's ability to perform a behavior
43
when the individual believes that the benefit outweighs the cost is what theory
reasoned action/planned behavior
44
The health promotion model is a ___ model
competence
45
The health promotion model focuses on:
individual characteristics and behaviors, and variables that impact motivation and behavior outcomes
46
what are the 11 aspects of the health promotion model
1. individual characteristics and behaviors, 2. behavior-specific cognition and affects 3. perceived benefits of action 4. perceived barriers to action 5. perceived self-efficacy 6. activity-related affect 7. interpersonal influences 8. situational influences 9. commitment to a plan of action 10. immediate competing demands and preferences 11. behavioral outcomes
47
according to the health promotion model, ___ ___ ____ and ___ factors have an effect on future behaviors
prior related behaviors and personal
48
prior related behaviors include:
knowledge, skill, and experience with health- promoting activities.
49
what type of effect can prior related behaviors have on health promotion
positive and negative
50
personal factors that can influence behavior are
biologic, psychologic, and sociologic.
51
what are biologic factors
age, gender, body mass index, strength, agility, and balance.
52
what are psychologic factors
self-esteem, motivation, and perceptions of one's health status
53
what are socioeconomic status factors
education, race, and ethnicity
54
behavior-specific cognition and affect are variables that impact ____ to begin and continue activities to promote health
motivation
55
what are the variables for behavior-specific cognition and affect factors?
perceived benefit of action, perceived barriers to action, perceived self-efficacy, activity-related affect, inter-personal influences, and situational influences
56
barriers to participation in health-promoting activities maybe ____ or ___
real or imagined
57
the barriers of perceived barriers to action are:
perceptions about the availability expense, convenience, difficulty, and time required for an activity
58
Perceived benefits of action are determined by:
the belief that the behavior is beneficial or results in a positive oucome
59
benefits of the perceived benefits of action are
intrinsic, such as stress reduction, or extrinsic, such as financial reward
60
define perceived self-efficacy
is a judgement of ones ability to successfully participate in health promoting activity to achieve a desired outcome
61
individuals that have high self-efficacy are more likely to overcome barriers and commit to
health-promoting activity
62
Low self-efficacy have ____ efforts or cease participation in activities
diminished
63
activity-related affect refers to
subjective feelings before, during and after an activity
64
Interpersonal influences are:
the individuals perceptions of the behaviors, beliefs or attitudes or others
65
Situational influences defined is
perceptions and ideas about situations or contexts
66
situational influences on health-promoting activities include
perceptions of available options, demand characteristics, and aesthetics of an environment
67
what are two factors that facilitate health-promotion
environments that are safe and interesting and that promote comfort and acceptance vs. alienationa
68
commitment to a plan of action includes two components:
commitment to carry out a specific activity, identification of strategies for carrying out and reinforcing the activity
69
Competing demands are ____ ____ over which the individual has little control
alternative activities
70
the demands that compete for individual demands and preferences are
family and work responsiblities
71
what is the expected outcome in the health promotion model
health-promoting behavior
72
what are 3 outcomes of the health-promoting model
improved health, better functional ability, and improved quality of life across the lage span
73
The goals of health people 2020 are
to eliminate preventable diseases, disability, injury and premature death; achieve health equity; create environments that promote good health; and promote healthy development and behaviors across the life span
74
The goals of health people 2020 redirect---- to ----
health care to health determinants.
75
what does health determinants include
personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence individual and population health.
76
social determinants include
family, community, income, education, sex, race/ethnicity, place of residence, and access to health care.
77
physicaldeterminants include
natural environments and those such as transportation, water, and sanitation, housing and other known as built environments
78
What is the mission of healthy people 2020
is to offer practical guidance on using information, education, and other interventions to improve health
79
what are some of the topic areas for healthy people 2020
physical activity, nutrition, tobacco use, alcohol and substance abuse, sexual and reproductive health, mental health, injury and violence prevention, occupational safety and health, environmental health oral health emerging issues and preventive services by life stages.
80
physical activity is important at all ages to maintain :
physical health; promote psychologic well-being and reduce the incident of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and some forms of cancer
81
what are some results of regular physical activity
reduced risk of premature death, reduced risk of death from cardiovascular disease, reduced risk of development of diabetes, reduced risk of development of hypertension, reduced risk of development of colon cancer, reduction in depression and anxiety, weight reduction or control
82
The level of intensity of exercise may be measured by use of the:
metabolic equivalent level (MET)
83
The MET is used to ?
estimate the amount of oxygen used during activity
84
The intensity of an activity can be measured by
determining if the heart rate is within a target zone
85
exercise may be categorized according to
the type of muscle activity and source of energy
86
Muscle activities are classified as
isotonic, isometric, or resistive
87
isotonic exercise is also called
dynamic exercise
88
Exercises are classified according to:
the source of energy used
89
Two types of classification of exercise are
aerobic or anaerobic
90
aerobic exercise refers to
activity in which oxygen is metabolized to produce energy
91
examples of aerobic exercise include
walking, jogging, swimming and skating
92
Two improvements in aerobic exercise are
cardiovascular function and physical fitness
93
Anaerobic exercise refers to
activity in which the energy required is provided without using inspired oxygen
94
examples of anaerobic exercise refers to
endurance training and is generally limited to short periods of vigorous activity
95
what is the useful tool used for the assessment of alcohol and substance abuse.
CAGE
96
CAGE stands for
C cutting down on drinking, A annoyance with criticism about drinking, G guilt about drinking, and using alcohol as an "Eye-opener" E
97
immunizations can prevent ____, ____, and the ___
disease, disability, and the spread of infection
98
who does the nurse work with in the nursing process
the client
99
what type of assessment is essential to health promotion
comprehensive

health assessment Test 1 (10 decks)

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