Chapter 5 *

Question 1

what is psychosocial functioning?

Answer 1

it is the way a person thinks, feels, acts, an relates to self and others. also the ability to cope and tolerate stress and the capacity for developing a value and belief system.

Question 2

What is Psychosocial health?

Answer 2

psychosocial health can be defined as being mentally, emotionally, socially, and spiritually well.

Question 3

What are the 3 internal factors that influence psychosocial health?

Answer 3

Genetics,-Hereditary predisposition for certain health problems.

physical health,-enables individuals to respond to stressors.

physical fitness.-the ability to perform daily task vigorously and alertly.

Question 4

what are the physical symptoms that indicate a problem related to emotional stress or distress?

Answer 4

Back pain
Chest pain
breathlessness
Constipation
Fatigue
hypertension
Palpitations
Dry mouth 
Nausea 
Weight loss or gain

Question 5

How does stress affect health?

Answer 5

• stress affects the immune system, increasing susceptibility to infection.
• molecular link between stress and obesity.

Question 6

what are the external factors that affect the psychosocial well-being?

Answer 6

Family
Culture .
Geography
Economic Status

Question 7

how does family contribute to psychosocial well-being

Answer 7

Families are expected to provide for physical safety and economic needs, as well as develop a sense of identity.

Question 8

how does economic status affects psychosocial well-being

Answer 8

affects the formation of values and attitudes.

contributes to the development of high self-worth and self-esteem

Question 9

how does culture affect psychosocial well-being

Answer 9

is a complex system that includes knowledge, beliefs, morals, and customs.

Question 10

how does geography affect the psychosocial health?

Answer 10

psychosocial is influenced by the climate, terrain, resources, and aesthetics.

Question 11

Beside internal and external factors what other factors influence psychosocial health?

Answer 11

Self-concept, role development, interdependent relationships, as well as abilities to mange stress.

Question 12

what is the meaning of self-concept?

Answer 12

beliefs and feelings one holds about oneself. this develops over time as a person reacts to and learns from interactions with others.

Question 13

What are the components of self-concept?

Answer 13

Body image- how physical appearance is perceived, size and body functioning.

self-esteem- refers to the sense of worth or self-respect od an individual.

Question 14

how does a psychosocially healthy individual sees his or herself?

Answer 14

Has realistic sense of self, adapts to change, able to develop ways to cope with problems, and forms relationships that promote growth and development.

Question 15

Role devolvement

Answer 15

individuals capacity to identify and fulfill the social expectations related to the variety of roles assumed in a lifetime.

Question 16

what are interdependence relationships?

Answer 16

relationships in which the individual establishes bonds with others based on trust, mutual reliance and support.

Question 17

what is stress and coping?

Answer 17

individuals physical and emotional response to psychosocial or physical threats called stressors

Question 18

what are the physical symptoms of stress?

Answer 18

Increased hearth rate
decreased blood clotting time
increased rate and depth of respirations 
dilated pupils 
elevated glucose levels 
dilated skeletal blood vessels 
elevated blood pressure 
dilated bronchi
increased blood volume 
contraction of the spleen 
increased blood supply to vital organs 
release of T lymphocytes

Question 19

what is the term that refers to an individuals relationship with a higher power or with something, a person sees larger than self and that gives meaning to life?

Answer 19

Spiritual and Belief patterns

Question 20

what is a moral code?

Answer 20

internalized values virtues and rules one learns from significant others

Question 21

what are Stoll’s four basic areas for questioning while assessing a clients spirituality?

Answer 21

Client’s concept of God, sources of hope and strength, religious practices, and the relationship between spiritual beliefs and health.

Question 22

What is the meaning of the HOPE approach to spiritual assessment?

Answer 22

H-questions about the client’s spiritual resources. sources of Hope, meaning, love and comfort

O-participation or association with Organized religion.

P- Personal spiritual practices

E- effects of healthcare and end-of-life issues.

Question 23

what are JCAHO standards and recommendations regarding spiritual assessment?

Answer 23

Spiritual assessment should at a minimum, determine the client’s denomination, beliefs and what spiritual practices are important to the client. this information will would assist in determining the impact of spirituality, if any on the care/services which will identify if any further assessment is needed.

Question 24

how does the professional nurse conducts psychological assessment?

Answer 24

the professional nurse uses a holistic approach in assessing the client’s responses to life experiences and environment. this information is used to formulate nursing diagnosis.

Question 25

what areas does the nurse gather information while assessing a client’s psychosocial health?

Answer 25

psychosocial concern, self-concept, and beliefs, stress and coping mechanisms and reasoning ability.

Question 26

when does the nurse conducts an interview focused on psychosocial well-being?

Answer 26

• The client presents multiple complains.
• the information collected during the health history indicates psychosocial dysfunction.
• the client’s behavior during the initial interview is anxious, depressed, erratic, or bizarre
• more information is needed to determine if any relationship exist between past disease processes and potential emotional or psychiatric concerns.

Question 27

what is history of psychosocial concerns

Answer 27

psychosocial concerns that begin early in life and reappear whenever a client faces a major stressor or life crisis.

Question 28

why is important to understand the body-mind interaction?

Answer 28

helps the nurse and client realize when covert cognitive, perceptual or affective problems are related to the over signs and symptoms.

Question 29

why is it important to understand the client’s spiritual beliefs?

Answer 29

A client may have belief about health and illness, God, or the supernatural, this beliefs play an important role in the clients ability to cope with a psychosocial health concern or illness.

Question 30

in what socioeconomic group is obesity more prevalent?

Answer 30

low economic status.

Question 31

What are the causes of obesity in the low economic group?

Answer 31

• use of less expensive high-calorie processed foods
• unsafe conditions for exercise
• differing perceptions about body weight in relation to health.

Question 32

Narrative Spiritual Assessment

Part 1 Narrative framework- spiritual history

Answer 32

1- Describe your personal and family religious traditions
2-what practices were important to you in youth? how have those experiences influenced your life?
3-How would you describe your religiosity or spirituality today? Do you believe your spirituality provides strength how?

Question 33

Narrative Spiritual Assessment

Part 2 interpretive framework-Evoke spiritual Strengths

Answer 33

1- Affect. How does spiritually affect joy, sorrow, coping
2-Behavior. What rites or rituals do you use or follow
3- Cognition. Describe your current beliefs
4-Communication. What is your relationship with God
5-Conscience. Describe your values
6- intuition. Have you experienced spiritual hunches?

Question 34

what are the symptoms of a person who is out of contact with reality?

Answer 34

illusional, delusional, hallucinatory speech, and behavior such as talking to themselves, reacting to objects, noises or other people in strange ways, or discussing false beliefs.

Question 35

what are the characteristics of client who is at the highest risk of suicide?

Answer 35

Single, divorced, or widowed

Socially isolated, or little or no support system

history of suicide attempts

Family history of suicide

Recent loss

history of drug abuse or alcoholism

history of mental illness

Depressed or recovering from depression

severe fear or anxiety

serious or physical illness, with impaired lifestyle or altered body image

Question 36

what are abnormal speech patterns associated with altered thought processes

Answer 36

Loud, rapid, pressured, and high pitch
Circumlocution- inability to communicate an idea due to numerous digression.
Flight of ideas- jumping from subject to another
Word salad a conglomeration of multiple words without apparent meaning
Neologism- coining new words that have symbolic meaning to the client
Clanging- rhyming conversation
Echolalia- constant repletion of words or phrases that the client hears others say

Question 37

what are the four scales that can be used to assess psychologic well being

Answer 37

Delighted-terrible scale
Face scale
Ladder scale
Life satisfaction index

Question 38

what are measures to deal with stress and reduce negative impact on physical and emotional health?

Answer 38

talking openly about feelings, thinking about positive aspects of life; using relaxation techniques

Question 39

what is necessary to maintain fitness

Answer 39

exercise
nutrition 
rest 
relaxation
follow practices to promote and preserve health

Question 40

how does a client economic status affects psychosocial well-being?

Answer 40

the higher the income the more likely it is that individuals will have achieved higher levels of education for children. better education leads to greater occupational opportunity, better housing, and the ability to participate in a variety of leisure activities.

Question 41

what are stressors

Answer 41

psychosocial or physical threats

Question 42

Internal factors that influence psychosocial health include…

Answer 42

Hereditary characteristics or those related to genetic makeup. In addition, the individual’s physical health and level of fitness contribute to psychosocial health.