Chapter 9 Flashcards
What are the molecular shapes?
linear, bent, trigonal planar, trigonal pyramidal, t shaped.
What determines the shape of a molecule?
The bond angles and bond lengths determine the shape and also the size of molecules.
How do you determine electron geometry?
To determine the electron-domain geometry, count the total number of bonding (single, double, and triple bonds) and nonbonding (lone pairs) electron domains on the central atom.
What are the electron geometries?
Linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, octahedral.
What about bond angles?
Double and triple bonds have larger electron domains than single bonds. They exert a greater repulsive force than single bonds, making their bond angles greater.
What are hybrid orbitals?
Hybrid orbitals form by “mixing” valence-bond theory atomic orbitals to create new orbitals of equal energy.
•These orbitals of equal energy are called degenerate orbitals.
•This process is called hybridization.
•The shape of the hybrid orbitals is different from the shape of the atomic orbitals.
•When two orbitals “mix” they create two orbitals; when three orbitals mix, they create three orbitals; and so on.
How do you find hybrid orbitals?
Draw the Lewis structure of the molecule or ion. Use V S E P R to determine the electron-domain geometry around the central atom. Specify the hybrid orbitals needed to accommodate these electron pairs based on their geometric arrangement.
What are the properties of molecular orbitals?
Maximum of two electrons per orbital, electrons in the same orbital have opposite spin, definite energy of orbitals, wave function–based.
How do you calculate bond order of simple molecules?
Bond Order = (Number of bonding electrons - Number of antibonding electrons) / 2
