Chapter 11 Flashcards
What are dispersion forces?
A nonpolar particle (helium atoms below) can be temporarily polarized to create dispersion force.
What are dipole-dipole interactions?
Polar molecules have a more positive and a more
negative end—a dipole.
Which have a greater effect: dipole–dipole interactions or dispersion forces?
If two molecules are of comparable size and shape, dipole–dipole interactions will likely be the dominating force.
What is hydrogen bonding?
A hydrogen bond is an attraction between a hydrogen atom attached to a highly electronegative atom and a nearby small electronegative atom in another molecule or chemical group.
What are ion-dipole interactions?
Ion–dipole interactions are found in solutions of ions.
What is heat of fusion?
The heat of fusion is the energy required to change a solid at its melting point to a liquid.
What is heat of vaporization?
The heat of vaporization is the energy required to change a liquid at its boiling point to a gas.
What is heat of sublimation?
The heat of sublimation is the energy required to change a solid directly to a gas.
What is the vapor pressure formula?
P = (-ΔHvap / RT) + C
How does boiling point relate to vapor pressure?
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure.
What is vapor pressure?
As the temperature rises, the fraction of molecules that have enough energy to break free increases.
