Chapter 2 Flashcards
What is an atomic number?
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
What are mass numbers?
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
What is the atomic mass unit?
1 amu = 1.66054 x 10^-24 g
What is atomic weight?
An atomic weight is found using all isotopes of an element weighted by their relative abundances.
How do you find atomic weight?
Atomic weight = E [Isotope mass] x (fractional natural abundance)]
What is a cation?
Cations are formed when at least one electron is lost.
What is an anion?
Anions are formed when at least one electron is gained.
Are cations negative or positive?
Positive.
Are anions negative or positive?
Negative.
What are cations formed by?
Metals.
What are anions formed by?
Nonmetals, but not noble gases.
When do you write the ionic compound’s charge as a Roman numeral in parentheses?
If the metal cation can have more than one possible charge.
When do you use the suffix -ium?
When the element is a polyatomic cation.
When do you use the suffix -ide?
If the element is an anion.
When do you write the name of the ion?
If an anion is a polyatomic ion.
When do you use the suffix -ite?
Fewer oxygens.
When do you use the suffix -ate?
More oxygens.
What do you do if the anion of the acid ends in -ide?
Change the ending to -ic acid and add the prefix hydro-.
What do you do if the anion of the acid ends in -ite?
Change the ending to -ous acid.
When is the suffix -ide always used?
Binary compounds, no metals.
When are prefixes used in molecular compounds?
When the molecular compound is binary, it goes on the second element.
Which element goes first in a binary molecular compound?
The element closer to the left.
