Chapter 9

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

Set of factors that activate, direct and maintain behavior
usually toward a goal.

Question 2

Extrinsic Motivation

Answer 2

The drive or urge to continue a
behavior because of external
Reinforcers

Behavior may be less effective
and results in resentment or
Disinterest

Undermines intrinsic motivation
for rewarded activity

Question 3

Intrinsic Motivation

Answer 3

The drive or urge to continue a
behavior because of internal
Reinforcers

Behavior likely to include high-
quality learning when activities
are challenging

Question 4

Flow

Answer 4

A state where a person is fully absorbed
and intensely focused on a task

Can be achieved by being fully present and
in the moment

Question 5

Drive-Reduction Theory

Answer 5

Behavior driven by need to fulfill basic biological needs

Question 6

Homeostasis

Answer 6

a state of biological equilibrium], e.g., the drive for food and water/drink)

Question 7

Maslow’s Hierarchy

Answer 7

Hierarchy of needs
* A continuum of needs that are universal and
ordered in terms of the strength of their
associated drives
* Physiological needs
* Safety needs
* Love and belongingness needs
* Esteem needs

Question 8

James‒Lange theory of emotion

Answer 8

A stimulus initiates physiological reaction and/or a behavioral
reaction, and this leads to an emotion

Question 9

Cannon‒Bard theory

Answer 9

According to the Cannon–Bard theory of
emotion, everything happens simultaneously:
the emotional reaction, physiological changes,
and a behavioral response

Question 10

Schachter–Singer theory

Answer 10

The experience of emotion is the result of physiological arousal
and a cognitive label for this physiological state.