chapter 4 Flashcards
What is consciousness?
The state of being aware of oneself, one’s thoughts, and/or the environment
What can ease pain and anxiety?
A drug
Who is an early psychologist associated with the study of consciousness?
Wilhelm
What is selective attention?
The ability to focus awareness on a small segment of information that is available through our sensory systems
What is an example of selective attention?
Cocktail party effect
What is inattentional blindness?
Looking without seeing
What is automatic processing?
Processing of sensory information that occurs automatically without effort, awareness, or control
What would happen without automatic processing?
We’d be overwhelmed with data
What does the myth of multitasking refer to?
The belief that one can effectively perform multiple tasks simultaneously
What is circadian rhythm?
A 24-hour cycle of psychological and behavioral functioning
What is Non-REM Sleep?
Nondreaming sleep
What characterizes NREM 1 sleep?
Lightest stage of sleep; hypnagogic hallucinations
What is NREM 2 sleep characterized by?
Sleep spindles and K-complexes
What is NREM 3 sleep known for?
Deep sleep; peak time for secretion of growth hormone
What does REM stand for in sleep terminology?
Rapid Eye Movement
What is REM sleep often called?
Paradoxical sleep
What occurs during REM sleep?
Bursts of eye movements with brain activity similar to that of a waking state
What is the SCN’s role in sleep?
Ability to be awake
What are ‘larks’ in terms of sleep patterns?
Early risers
What are ‘owls’ in terms of sleep patterns?
Late risers
What is jet lag?
Delayed adjustment to time zone change
What does sleep architecture refer to?
The makeup of sleep cycles, which changes throughout life
What is narcolepsy?
A rare neurological disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness
What are ‘sleep attacks’ in relation to narcolepsy?
Measured in seconds or minutes, can progress into longer naps
What is cataplexy?
An abrupt loss of strength or muscle tone that occurs when a person is awake
What are hypnagogic hallucinations?
Hallucinations that occur while falling asleep
What is REM Sleep Behavior Disorder?
A disturbance where the mechanism responsible for paralyzing the body during REM sleep fails
What are breathing-related sleep disorders?
Disorders that involve difficulty breathing during sleep
What is insomnia?
The most prevalent disorder characterized by inability to fall or stay asleep
What is sleepwalking?
Occurs during non-REM sleep, typically Stage N3
What are sleep terrors?
Non-REM sleep disturbances primarily affecting children
What are nightmares?
Frightening dreams that occur in REM sleep
What happens during sleep deprivation?
Short-term and long-term effects including REM deprivation and REM rebound
What did Freud propose about dreams?
Dreams are a form of wish fulfillment or a playing out of unconscious desire
What are the two types of content in dreams according to Freud?
- Manifest
- Latent
