Chapter 7 Flashcards
Concept
mental representations of categories of objects, situations, and ideas
that belong together
Approaches to problem solving
trial and error; algorithms; heuristics
Barriers to problem solving
functional fixedness and mental sets
Functional fixedness
a barrier to problem
solving that occurs when familiar objects
can only be imagined to function in their
usual way
Mental set
tendency to fall back on
strategies one has always used—even if they don’t work so well
Language
phonemes (basic sounds/building blocks);
morphemes (basic meanings); syntax; semantics, pragmatics and displacement
(abstraction)
General intelligence (g-factor)
Spearman speculated that humans have a singular underlying aptitude or
intellectual ability.
Multiple intelligences
Gardner proposed eight types of intelligences, or “frames of mind,” and
suggested that partial evidence is apparent in people with brain damage.
Analytic intelligence
Capacity to solve
problems
Creative intelligence
Knowledge and
skills used to handle new situations
Practical intelligence
Ability to adjust to
different environments
Validity
the degree to which an assessment measures what is intends to measure
Reliability
the ability of an assessment to provide consistent reproducible results
the exact average of intelligence
100
Intellectual disability
below 70
