Chapter 9 Flashcards
Altruism
The behavior of reducing your own fitness at the expense of helping someone else
Helping behavior
Individuals forgo their own reproduction to help their parents raise new young
Kinship selection theory
hamiltons theory that
you help those most related to you
indirect fitness
reproductive success of genetic relatives
Inclusive fitness
Direct fitness + indirect fitness
Why does the fitness of a genetic relative = your own fitness
they share some of the same genetics
relatedness
the probability to have alleles from common ancestors
R
coefficient of relatedness
R=
the sum of the shared ancestors (0.5) raised to the power of linkages
Hamiltons rule
help if benefits outweigh the costs
if rB>c, you should …
help
if rB<c, you should…
not help
B is
C is
B is benefits of helping (indirect)
C is cost (direct)
Cooperative breeding
mature offspring help parents raise new young instead of starting their own family
1st prediction about family dynamics based on hamiltons rule
family groupings will be unstable when acceptable reproductive opportunities arise elsewhere
depends on inclusive fitness
2nd prediction about family dynamics based on hamiltons rule
Families that control high quality resources are more stable than families with low quality resources
Dynasty
One genetic lineage occupies a area over many generations
Individuals should remain in their _____ territory if it is rich in resources
Natal; birth
50% relatedness
Parents, children, siblings
25% relatedness
Half siblings, grandparents, grandchildren, aunts/uncles, nieces/nephews
12.5% relatedness
first cousins
4th prediction about family dynamics based on hamiltons rule
Help will be more common in closely related families
Eusociality
Cooperative brood care, Overlapping generations, division of labor
All eusocial hymenopteran insects are __________
haplodiploidy
