Chapter 7

Question 1

Define sexual selection

Answer 1

selection for traits to improve fitness, not survival

Question 2

If you survive but have no offspring…

Answer 2

direct fitness = 0

Question 3

Intrasexual selection

Answer 3

Selection WITHIN a sex (competition for mates)

Question 4

Intersexual selection

Answer 4

Selection BETWEEN the sexes

Question 5

Sexual selection is highest for males beause males _______ and females _______

Answer 5

males compete
females choose

Question 6

Sexual dimorphism

Answer 6

Sexes have distinctly different characteristics

Question 7

T/F Males compete whether or not females are nearby

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

Male-male interference

Answer 8

males displace other males attempting to mate
largest, strongest wins

Question 9

Male-male prevention

Answer 9

Mate guarding, plug female opening
Last to mate sires the most offspring

Question 10

Male-male cuckoldry

Answer 10

tricking a male to raise another males offspring

Question 11

Satellite/Sneaker males

Answer 11

Sneakily mate and don’t raise the young

Question 12

In terms of age, Sneaker males are _____ and satellite males are older but act like _____

Answer 12

young
females

Question 13

T/F Dominant males are more successful at mating and copulation time

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

T/F Females that evolved twisted vajayjays reduced chances unwanted sperm reached eggs because males did not evolve twisted peepees

Answer 14

FALSE

Question 15

Many males present _________ ________ and possess bright colors and _______

Answer 15

courtship displays
ornaments

Question 16

Batemans principle

Answer 16

males compete for females because females have more to lose

Question 17

Anisogamy

Answer 17

Males and females have different sized gametes

Question 18

T/F Males should be choosy and females should mate as much as possible

Answer 18

FALSE

Question 19

Male gametes

Answer 19

cheap, high production, evolved for small size

Question 20

Female gametes

Answer 20

expensive, lower production, evolved for more resources

Question 21

3 evolutionary models of mate choice

Answer 21

Direct benefits model
Good genes hypothesis
Sensory bias and exploitation

Question 22

fecundity

Answer 22

number of offspring an individual can produce

Question 23

Direct benefits model

Answer 23

Females should choose males who offer direct benefits and increase fecundity

Question 24

Nuptial gifts

Answer 24

food or substance given to female to induce copulation

Question 25

Larger nuptial gift --> ________ --> more sperm transfer

Answer 25

longer copulation time

Question 26

Good gene hypothesis

Answer 26

females choose males with best genes which increase offspring fitness Indirect benefits

Question 27

Costly traits

Answer 27

harder to make and fake

Question 28

3 indicators of potential higher quality genes in males

Answer 28

ornaments, coloration, vocalizations

Question 29

Dull coloring could be a sign of

Answer 29

high parasite load lack of carotenoids in diet

Question 30

Sensory bias and exploitation

Answer 30

Females prefer a trait due to a preexisting bias unrelated to mating

Question 31

Colors often preferred

Answer 31

Red and orange

Question 32

Sexual selection in females

Answer 32

males tend to choose females with bigger/flashier ornaments

Question 33

Gender role reversal

Answer 33

females compete for mates against other females

Question 34

polyandry

Answer 34

1 female, many male mates males incubate eggs

Question 35

Sexual imprinting

Answer 35

how organisms learn who to mate with

Question 36

Lekking

Answer 36

Defending small areas where males display to females

Question 37

Mate choice copying

Answer 37

Following observed mating patterns