chapter 9 Flashcards
natural products or their derivatives that kill susceptible microbes or inhibit their growth
antibiotics
only effective against a limited number of pathogens
narrow-spectrum drugs
target many different kinds of bacteria
broad-spectrum drugs
____ agent: kills the target pathogen
cidal
_____ agent: inhibits growth of microbes
static
(MIC) lowest concentration of drug that prevents growth of the pathogen
minimal inhibitory concentration
(MLC) lowest concentration of the drug that kills the pathogen
minimal lethal concentration
_____ ______ tests can be used to determine MLC and MIC
dilution susceptibility
____ ____ tests analyze the growth of bacteria
disk diffusion
Antibiotics 4 main modes of action are
- inhibitors of cell wall synthesis
- protein synthesis inhibitors
- metabolic antagonists
- nucleic acid synthesis inhibition
____ are inhibitors of cell wall synthesis
penicillin
how does penicillin inhibit cell wall synthesis
blocks the enzyme that catalyzes transpeptidation
activates enzymes that break down peptidoglycan
T/F: narrow spectrum drugs are effective against many gram-positive pathogens
true
semisynthetic penicillin have a broader/narrower spectrum than naturally occurring ones
broader
T/F: cephalosporins and penicillin are not similar
false
aminoglycosides are bacterio(cidal/static)
cidal
T/F: aminoglycosides are typically used for gram-positive bacteria
false
T/F: aminoglycosides interfere with mRNA reading
true
what happens when mRNA is not read properly?
peptide synthesis is affected
Tetracyclines and Macrolides are bacterio(static/cidal) and (broad/narrow) spectrum
static, broad
T/F: tetracyclines inhibit protein synthesis
true
Used for patients allergic to penicillin
- macrolides
- tetracyclines
- lincosamines
macrolides
Can support the growth of C.Diff
- macrolides
- tetracyclines
- lincosamines
lincosamines
T/F: antimetabolites are metabolic antagonists
True
Sulfonamides are critical for the synthesis of _____ _____ needed for DNA synthesis
folic acid
Trimethoprim is a antimetabolite that interferes with ____ ____ production
folic acid
Nucleic acid synthesis inhibitiors work by inhibiting ______ and RNA ______
topoisomerase
RNA polymerase
T/F: antiviral drugs CAN stop or prevent a virus
False
T/F: echinocandins block the synthesis of fungal cell walls
true
The 2 types of drug resistance are
intrinsic
acquired
