Ch 10 Flashcards
_____ work: synthesis of complex molecules
chemical
_____ work: take up nutrients, eliminate wastes, and maintain ion balances
transport
____ work: cell motility and movement of structures within cells
mechanical
First law of thermodynamics
energy cannot be created or destroyed
Second law of thermodynamics
physical and chemical processes increase entropy
NAD and NADP are ____ ____
electron carriers
____: protein component of an enzyme
apoenzyme
_____: nonprotein component of an enzyme
cofactor
prosthetic group: covalently/ionically attached
covalently
Coenzyme: loosely/strongly attached
loosely
Holoenzyme is made up of the _____ and _____
apoenzyme and cofactor
What type of enzyme?:
oxidation-reduction reactions
oxidoreductase
What type of enzyme?:
reactions involving the transfer of chemical groups between molecules
transferase
What type of enzyme?: hydrolysis of molecules
hydrolase
What type of enzyme?: breaking down of molecules by means other than hydrolysis
lyase
What type of enzyme?:
rearranges molecules to isomer form
isomerase
What type of enzyme?:
joining of two molecules using ATP
ligase
____: the rate of product formation when the enzyme is fully saturated with substrate
Vmax
Km is:
the substrate concentration required by the enzyme to operate at half its velocity
Competitive inhibitor:
competes with substrate to bind to the active sit
Noncompetitive inhibitor
changes the shape of the enzyme so substate cannot bind
Metabolism
all chemical reactions occurring within a cell
Catabolism
breaking down molecules into smaller molecules to release energy
Anabolism
synthesizing biomolecules using energy
