Ch 26-27

Question 1

Axenic culture

Answer 1

pure culture

Question 2

Great plate count anomaly

Answer 2

discrepancy between cells observed and colonies cultivated

Question 3

Viability PCR

Answer 3

dye enters damaged cells and prevents PCR amplification

Question 4

Enrichment culture

Answer 4

promotes growth of target microbe, inhibits growth of others

Question 5

phylotype

Answer 5

Organisms classified together for their shared observable traits

Question 6

Forms of whole genome comparison

Answer 6

• average nucleotide identity
• G+C content
• Comparative Genomics

Question 7

Metagenomics

Answer 7

sequencing all DNA from an environment

Question 8

Metatranscriptomics

Answer 8

mRNA present in the environment is reverse transcribed and sequences=d

Question 9

Metaproteonomics

Answer 9

identifies proteins present at the time of sampling

Question 10

High frequency genes in metagenomic analysis means

Answer 10

they make up the core (shared portion) of the genome across organisms

Question 11

Low frequency genes in metagenomic analysis means

Answer 11

species specific genes

Question 12

Species richness

Answer 12

number of different species in an environment

Question 13

population

Answer 13

group of microorganisms within a single species or other taxon in an ecosystem

Question 14

guild

Answer 14

group of microbes defines by physiological activity

Question 15

microbial community

Answer 15

microorganisms that share a common habitat

Question 16

symbiosis

Answer 16

stable association of two or more organisms

Question 17

facultative

Answer 17

alternate lifestyle possible

Question 18

obligatory

Answer 18

host is absolutely required

Question 19

mutualism

Answer 19

both partners benefit form each other

Question 20

cooperations

Answer 20

nonobligatory

Question 21

antagonism

Answer 21

one organism negatively impacts the other

Question 22

syntrophy

Answer 22

when one species benefits from the metabolic products of another

Question 23

endosymbiont

Answer 23

lives within the hosts cells

Question 24

coevolution

Answer 24

evolved together because both partners cannot grow without each other

Question 25

primary producers

Answer 25

capture energy from a nonliving source

Question 26

phototrophy

Answer 26

photosynthetic processes

Question 27

lithotrophy

Answer 27

uses reduced, inorganic chemicals as electron source

Question 28

holobiont

Answer 28

an association of many different species

Question 29

lichens are an association between

Answer 29

fungi and green algae

Question 30

mycobiont

Answer 30

fungal partner

Question 31

photobiont

Answer 31

alga or cyanobacterial partner

Question 32

predation

Answer 32

killing (benefit after the victim is killed)

Question 33

parasitism

Answer 33

exploitation

Question 34

competition

Answer 34

uneasy truce between microbes

Question 35

epibiotic predators

Answer 35

attach to prey's surface and lyse to release prey's cytoplasmic contents

Question 36

In parasitism, parasite and host

Answer 36

coexist

Question 37

genomic reduction

Answer 37

- common in symbiotic relationships - discard unused genetic information, due to the host fulfilling that need

Question 38

contact-independent growth inhibition

Answer 38

via antibiotics

Question 39

contact-dependent growth inhibition

Answer 39

physical proximity required for toxin delivery