Chapter 9

Question 1

what are some properties of crude oil

Answer 1

finite resource
a mixture of hydrocarbons
seperated by fractional distillation

Question 2

describe how crude oil is seperated into fractions

Answer 2

1. the oil is heated to about 400°C until it vaporises
2. the vapours enter a fractionating column which has a temperature gradient (cooler at the top, hotter towards the bottom)
3. the vapours then condense when they reach a height where the temperature matches their boiling point
4. longer hydrocarbons have higher boiling points so they condense lower in the coloumn where it is hotter

Question 3

word equation for the combustion of hydrocarbons

Answer 3

hydrocarbon + oxygen —-> carbon dioxide + water

Question 4

draw ethane (alkane)

Answer 4

Question 5

functional group of alkanes

Answer 5

does not have one

Question 6

ending of alkanes

Answer 6

-ane

Question 7

general formula of alkanes

Answer 7

CnH2n+2

Question 8

what happens when alkanes react with bromine water

Answer 8

it stays orange

Question 9

draw ethene

Answer 9

Question 10

functional group of alkenes

Answer 10

C=C

Question 11

ending of alkenes

Answer 11

-ene

Question 12

general formula of alkenes

Answer 12

CnH2n

Question 13

what happens when alkenes react with bromine water

Answer 13

it goes colourless

Question 14

what are hydrocarbons

Answer 14

a molecule made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms ONLY

Question 15

what are saturated hydrocarbons

Answer 15

hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between the carbon atoms (e.g alkanes)

Question 16

what is the moles formula

Answer 16

mass = Mr x moles

Question 17

what does Mr stand for

Answer 17

relative atomic mass

Question 18

name the process which produces smaller hydrocarbon molecules from heavy fuel oil

Answer 18

cracking

Question 19

what are the conditions needed for cracking

Answer 19

high temperature and steam/catalyst

Question 20

crack octane

Answer 20