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GCSE AQA Chemistry > Chapter 12 - Chemical Analysis > Flashcards

Chapter 12 - Chemical Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

what is meant by purity in chemistry?

A

A pure substance is one that is made up of just one substance. The substance can be either an element or a compound

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2
Q

what is meant by purity in everyday terms?

A

‘has nothing added to it’ and it is in its natural state

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3
Q

what are fixed points

A

The melting and boiling points of an element or a compound

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4
Q

how can you identity a pure substance

A

it has a fixed point

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5
Q

how can you identify a mixture

A

it doesn’t have a fixed point. the melting and boiling point of the mixture varies.

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6
Q

define formulation

A

a mixture with components in fixed ratios that has been designed as a product

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7
Q

give 3 examples of everyday formulations

A

mixed paints, cakes, medicine

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8
Q

how to calculate the Rf value

A

Rf = distance moved by the substance/distance moved by the solvent

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9
Q

give an example of a mobile phase in chromatography

A

water (solvent)

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10
Q

give an example of a stationary phase in chromatography

A

paper

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11
Q

what is the test for hydrogen

A

a lit split —-> squeaky pop

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12
Q

what is the test for oxygen

A

a glowing splint —-> relights in the presence of oxygen

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13
Q

what is the test for chlorine

A

damp blue litmus paper —–> bleaches white

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14
Q

what is the test for carbon dioxide

A

limewater —–> turns cloudy

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15
Q

2 ways to test for positive ions

A

flame tests and adding sodium hydroxide

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16
Q

test for lithium ions

A

flame test —-> crimson

17
Q

test for copper ions

A

flame test —-> green

sodium hydroxide ——> blue precipitate

18
Q

test for calcium ions

A

flame test —-> orange-red

sodium hydroxide ——> white precipitate

19
Q

test for sodium ions

A

flame test —-> yellow

20
Q

test for potassium ions

A

flame test —-> lilac

21
Q

test for iron (III) ions

A

sodium hydroxide ——> brown precipitate

22
Q

test for iron (II) ions

A

sodium hydroxide ——> green precipitate

23
Q

test for magnesium

A

sodium hydroxide ——> white precipitate

24
Q

test for aluminum ions

A

sodium hydroxide ——> white precipitate (dissolves in excess sodium hydroxide)

25
Q

test for sulfate

A

add hydrochloric acid and barium chloride
—–> white precipitate

26
Q

test for chloride (halides)

A

add nitric acid and silver nitrate —-> white precipitate

27
Q

test for bromide (halides)

A

add nitric acid and silver nitrate —-> cream precipitate

28
Q

test for iodide (halides)

A

add nitric acid and silver nitrate —-> yellow precipitate

29
Q

test for carbonates

A

add acid —-> fizzes

30
Q

benefits of instrumental tests

A

faster
more accurate
more sensitive

31
Q

benefits of flame emission spectroscopy

A

works with mixtures
brighter line
more concentrated

GCSE AQA Chemistry (3 decks)

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