Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Structural Classification of Joints

A

Joints can be classified into three main types based on their structure: fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Types of Synarthrosis

A

Immovable joints (e.g., sutures in the skull).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Types of Diarthrosis

A

Freely movable joints (e.g., shoulder, knee).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Types of Syndesmosis

A

Slightly movable joints (e.g., tibiofibular joint).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Types of Amphiarthrosis

A

Slightly movable joints (e.g., pubic symphysis).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Types of Synostosis

A

Fused joints (e.g., fusion of certain cranial bones).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Example of a Synchondrosis

A

The articulation of the first rib with the sternum.

Example sentence.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Intervertebral Disc Joint Classification

A

This joint is classified as a symphysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Four Major Types of Synarthrotic Joints

A

Sutures, gomphoses, synchondroses, and synostoses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pubic Symphysis Classification

A

Structurally, it is classified as a cartilaginous joint (symphysis).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Damaged Articular Cartilage

A

It can lead to pain and reduced movement; the surface can become rough or uneven.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Functions of Synovial Fluid

A

Lubrication, nourishment, shock absorption. Synovial joints are characterized by a joint capsule, articular cartilage, and a synovial membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Bursae

A

Fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between tissues, commonly found around joints like the shoulder and knee.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Accessory Synovial Structure

A

Examples include menisci and bursae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Functions of Fat Pads

A

Provide cushioning and fill spaces in joints.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Functions of Menisci

A

C-shaped cartilage structures that improve fit between bones in a joint, enhancing stability.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Definition of Fracture

A

A break in a bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Definition of Bunion

A

A bony bump on the joint of the big toe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Definition of Bursitis

A

Inflammation of a bursa.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Definition of Dislocation

A

Displacement of a bone from its joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Definition of Sprain

A

Stretching or tearing of ligaments.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Intracapsular vs. Extracapsular Ligament

A

Intracapsular ligaments are located within the joint capsule (e.g., ACL), while extracapsular ligaments are located outside the capsule (e.g., LCL).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Stabilizing Factors of Synovial Joints

A

Ligaments, tendons, muscle tone, and the shape of articulating surfaces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Types of Condylar Joint

A

Example: Metacarpophalangeal joint.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Types of Hinge Joint

A

Example: Elbow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Types of Saddle Joint

A

Example: Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Types of Monaxial Joint

A

Example: Hinge joint.

28
Q

Types of Gliding Joint

A

Example: Intercarpal joints.

29
Q

Types of Pivot Joint

A

Example: Atlantoaxial joint.

30
Q

Types of Ball-and-Socket Joint

A

Example: Shoulder.

31
Q

Ankle Extension

A

Also called dorsiflexion.

32
Q

Definition of Pronation

A

A rotational movement of the forearm or foot where the palm or sole faces down or backward.

33
Q

Pinching Movement

A

This involves opposition.

34
Q

Definition of Flexion

A

Decreasing the angle between body parts (e.g., bending the elbow).

35
Q

Definition of Eversion

A

Turning the sole outward.

36
Q

Definition of Supination

A

Rotating the forearm to face up.

37
Q

Definition of Hyperextension

A

Extending beyond the normal range (e.g., bending the back backward).

38
Q

Definition of Abduction

A

Moving away from the midline (e.g., lifting arms sideways).

39
Q

Definition of Depression

A

Lowering a body part (e.g., dropping shoulders).

40
Q

Definition of Elevation

A

Raising a body part (e.g., shrugging shoulders).

41
Q

Definition of Extension

A

Increasing the angle (e.g., straightening the knee).

42
Q

Definition of Triaxial Articulation

A

A joint that allows movement along three axes (e.g., ball-and-socket joint).

43
Q

Definition of Internal Rotation

A

Rotating limb toward the anterior surface.

44
Q

Definition of External Rotation

A

Rotating limb outward.

45
Q

Atlantoaxial Joint Classification

A

Considered a pivot joint.

46
Q

Example of Protraction

A

Moving the jaw forward.

47
Q

Permitted Movements at Synovial Joints

A

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and gliding. Types of synovial joints include hinge, ball-and-socket, pivot, saddle, and more.

48
Q

Movements at Intervertebral Joints

A

Flexion, extension, rotation, and lateral flexion.

49
Q

Gelatinous Core of Intervertebral Disc

A

Nucleus pulposus.

50
Q

Fibrocartilage Outer Layer of Intervertebral Disc

A

Annulus fibrosus.

51
Q

Ligament - Flava Ligament

A

Connects laminae of adjacent vertebrae.

52
Q

Ligament - Supraspinous Ligament

A

Connects the tips of the spinous processes.

53
Q

Ligament - Interspinous Ligament

A

Connects adjacent spinous processes.

54
Q

Ligament - Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

A

Runs along the anterior vertebral bodies.

55
Q

Ligament - Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

A

Runs along the posterior vertebral bodies.

56
Q

Elbow Joint Stability

A

Its bony structure and surrounding ligaments provide strong support.

57
Q

Contraction of Muscle Attached to Radial Tuberosity

A

Results in forearm flexion.

58
Q

Largest and Strongest Articulation at the Elbow

A

Hinge joint formed by the humerus and ulna.

59
Q

Ligament Supporting Front of Knee

A

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).

60
Q

Ligament Supporting Front of Knee

A

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

Example sentence: The ACL helps stabilize the knee during physical activities.

61
Q

Functions of Menisci in Knee Joint

A

Provide cushioning, stability, and distribute load

Additional information: The menisci are crucial for absorbing shock and preventing friction in the knee joint.

62
Q

Major Ligaments Stabilizing Knee Joint

A

Four: ACL, PCL, MCL, and LCL

Commonly known as the cruciate ligaments and collateral ligaments.

63
Q

Ligaments Associated with Hip Joint

A

Iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments

These ligaments contribute to the stability and range of motion of the hip joint.

64
Q

Factors Increasing Stability of Hip Joint

A

Deep socket (acetabulum), strong ligaments, and surrounding muscles

The combination of these factors ensures the hip joint’s stability and functionality.

65
Q

Most Common Joint Inflammation

A

Osteoarthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis and gouty arthritis are less common types of joint inflammation.

Anatomy & Physiology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions