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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

What bones are part of the appendicular skeleton?

A

Clavicles, scapulae, humerus, radius, ulna, carpal bones, metacarpal bones, phalanges, coxal bones, femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsal bones, phalanges

These bones form the limbs and girdles of the human body.

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2
Q

What are the S-shaped bones that articulate lateral to the jugular notch?

A

Clavicles

Also known as collarbones.

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3
Q

The medial end of the clavicle is also known as?

A

Sternal end

This end articulates with the sternum.

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4
Q

What is the term for the articulation of the clavicles with the sternum?

A

Sternoclavicular joint

This joint connects the clavicle to the sternum.

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5
Q

What is the term for the articulation of the clavicles with the scapulae?

A

Acromioclavicular joint

This joint connects the clavicle to the scapula.

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6
Q

The acromion is continuous with a prominent ridge of bone on the posterior surface of the scapula known as the?

A

Spine of the scapula

This ridge runs along the posterior surface of the scapula.

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7
Q

The anterior surface of the scapula is smooth and concave. The name of the concave depression is?

A

Subscapular fossa

This depression is located on the anterior surface of the scapula.

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8
Q

The scapula is roughly triangular. What are the correct terms for the borders?

A

Superior border, medial (vertebral) border, lateral (axillary) border

These borders define the shape of the scapula.

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9
Q

Where is the only direct connection between the pectoral girdle and the axial skeleton?

A

Sternoclavicular joint

This joint connects the clavicle to the sternum, linking the pectoral girdle to the axial skeleton.

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10
Q

Where does the clavicle articulate?

A

Sternum and scapula

The clavicle articulates with the sternum medially and the scapula laterally.

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11
Q

What constitutes the pectoral girdle?

A

Clavicles and scapulae

The pectoral girdle consists of the clavicles and scapulae.

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12
Q

Where can you find the jugular notch?

A

Superior border of the manubrium

This notch is located on the superior border of the manubrium of the sternum.

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13
Q

What is the most commonly fractured in a fall?

A

Clavicle

Due to its location and structure, the clavicle is commonly fractured in falls.

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14
Q

What are girdles?

A

Bony structures that attach limbs to the axial skeleton

Girdles provide support and attachment points for the limbs.

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15
Q

What is the depression on the posterior surface at the distal end of the humerus called?

A

Olecranon fossa

This depression accommodates the olecranon process of the ulna during elbow flexion.

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16
Q

The ulnar nerve is exposed when it crosses the posterior surface of what process?

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

The ulnar nerve is vulnerable when it crosses this bony process.

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17
Q

What process does the deltoid muscle attach to?

A

Deltoid tuberosity

This bony prominence serves as the attachment site for the deltoid muscle.

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18
Q

Where are styloid processes?

A

Distal ends of the radius and ulna

These processes provide attachment points for ligaments and tendons.

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19
Q

Which processes are found on the ulna?

A

Olecranon process, coronoid process

These processes are important for elbow function and stability.

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20
Q

deltoid tuberosity vs radial tuberosity vs brachial tuberosity.

A

Deltoid tuberosity: Humerus, Radial tuberosity: Radius, Brachial tuberosity: Ulna

These tuberosities are specific to different bones of the upper limb.

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21
Q

What are the four proximal carpal bones?

A

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

These bones form the proximal row of carpal bones in the wrist.

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22
Q

Which ligament bounds the radius and ulna together?

A

Interosseous membrane

This membrane stabilizes and connects the radius and ulna in the forearm.

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23
Q

Where is the trochlea located?

A

Medial condyle of the humerus

The trochlea is a bony structure on the humerus that articulates with the ulna.

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24
Q

What is the antebrachium? What is it comprised of?

A

Forearm, Radius and ulna

The antebrachium refers to the region between the elbow and the wrist and includes the radius and ulna.

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25
Q

What does the condyle of the humerus consist of?

A

Medial and lateral condyles

These rounded bony projections articulate with the radius and ulna.

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26
Q

What surface features are found on the radius?

A

Radial styloid process, radial tuberosity

These features provide attachment points for ligaments and muscles.

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27
Q

How many carpal bones are in the wrist? which form how many rows of bones?

A

8 carpal bones, 2 rows

The wrist contains 8 carpal bones arranged in 2 rows.

28
Q

Which bones form the fingers?

A

Phalanges

Phalanges are the bones that make up the fingers.

29
Q

Which bones give the hand a wide range of motion?

A

Carpal bones

The carpal bones provide flexibility and mobility to the hand.

30
Q

The head of the radius articulates with the?

A

Capitulum of the humerus

This articulation allows for rotation of the forearm.

31
Q

How many bones are in the wrist vs the palm? What are they called?

A

8 carpal bones in the wrist, 5 metacarpal bones in the palm

The wrist contains carpal bones while the palm contains metacarpal bones.

32
Q

What is an upper limb bone?

A

Humerus, radius, ulna

These bones form the upper limb of the human body.

33
Q

What process of the radius helps stabilize the wrist joint?

A

Styloid process

The styloid process provides stability and support to the wrist joint.

34
Q

What bones make up the pelvis?

A

Ilium, ischium, pubis

These bones fuse together to form the pelvic girdle.

35
Q

What bone articulates with the coxal bone at the acetabulum?

A

Femur

The femur articulates with the coxal bone at the acetabulum of the hip.

36
Q

When seated, the weight of the body is borne by?

A

Ischial tuberosities

These bony prominences support the weight of the body when seated.

37
Q

Where do the two pubic bones join medially?

A

Pubic symphysis

This joint connects the two pubic bones in the front of the pelvis.

38
Q

What is the smooth articular surface of the acetabulum called?

A

Acetabular labrum

This structure enhances the stability of the hip joint.

39
Q

What is the bony edge of the true pelvis consisting of the ilium and pubis called?

A

Arcuate line

This bony ridge marks the boundary of the true pelvis.

40
Q

What is the pelvic inlet?

A

Superior opening of the pelvis

This opening allows for the passage of the baby during childbirth.

41
Q

What is the largest component of the coxal bone?

A

Ilium

The ilium is the largest and most superior component of the coxal bone.

42
Q

How do male pelvic outlet’s compare to woman’s pelvic outlet?

A

Male pelvic outlet is narrower and smaller

This difference is important for childbirth.

43
Q

The sacrum articulates with the?

A

Ilium

The sacrum forms a joint with the ilium to complete the pelvic girdle.

44
Q

The ilium, ischium, and pubis fuse into a single bone called.

A

Coxal bone

These three bones fuse during development to form the coxal bone.

45
Q

Which surface feature(s) along the ilium mark(s) attachment sites for large hip muscles?

A

Iliac crest, anterior superior iliac spine, posterior superior iliac spine

These bony landmarks serve as attachment points for hip muscles.

46
Q

The greater sciatic notch is a feature on the?

A

Ilium

This notch is located on the ilium and allows for passage of nerves and blood vessels.

47
Q

The pelvic organs are mostly found within the?

A

True pelvis

The true pelvis contains the pelvic organs including the bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum.

48
Q

What are the different types of hip fractures?

A

Intracapsular and extracapsular

These fractures can occur within or outside the hip joint capsule.

49
Q

The ridge of bone that separates the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia is called?

A

Intercondylar eminence

This ridge provides stability to the knee joint.

50
Q

What is the patella?

A

Kneecap

The patella is a sesamoid bone located in front of the knee joint.

51
Q

Which lower leg bone does not carry any body weight?

A

Fibula

The fibula provides muscle attachment and lateral stability but does not bear body weight.

52
Q

What is the longest and heaviest bone in the body?

A

Femur

The femur is the thigh bone and supports the body’s weight during standing and walking.

53
Q

What is the calcaneus?

A

Heel bone

The calcaneus is the largest tarsal bone and forms the heel of the foot.

54
Q

What does the distal end of the tibia articulate with?

A

Talus

The talus bone sits on top of the calcaneus and articulates with the distal end of the tibia.

55
Q

What are the tarsal bones?

A

Bones of the ankle

These bones form the ankle joint and provide support for the foot.

56
Q

The part of the tibia that is easily felt through the skin and is known as the shin is the?

A

Tibia

The tibia is the larger, weight-bearing bone of the lower leg.

57
Q

Where is the linea aspera located?

A

Posterior surface of the femur

This ridge runs along the back of the femur and serves as an attachment site for muscles.

58
Q

The lateral malleolus is found on the? Vs the medial malleolus?

A

Fibula, Tibia

The lateral malleolus is the bony prominence on the fibula, while the medial malleolus is on the tibia.

59
Q

How many bones does the tarsus contain?

A

7 bones

The tarsus is made up of 7 bones that form the ankle and heel.

60
Q

The weight of the body is supported by the?

A

Talus and calcaneus

These bones bear the weight of the body when standing.

61
Q

The talus articulates with the?

A

Tibia and fibula

These bones form the ankle joint and allow for movement of the foot.

62
Q

What feature of the foot helps distribute body weight.

A

Longitudinal arches

These arches help distribute body weight evenly across the foot.

63
Q

When standing normally, most of your weight is transmitted to the ground by the

A

Talus

The talus bone transmits the body’s weight to the ground through the foot.

64
Q

The clearest distinction between a male and female skeleton is seen in the characteristics of the?

A

Pelvis

The pelvis shows distinct differences between male and female skeletons due to reproductive function.

65
Q

What kind of age-related changes occur in the skeleton?

A

Bone loss, decreased bone density, osteoarthritis

Aging leads to changes in bone structure and density, increasing the risk of conditions like osteoarthritis.

Anatomy & Physiology (7 decks)

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