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American History and Government > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

a statement of an individual citizen’s legal privileges

A

Bill of rights

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2
Q

Group lent final support for ratification of the Constitution in Virginia

A

federalist

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3
Q

What are the three purposes of the establishment clause and free-exercise clause in the Bill of Rights?

A

To prevent the establishment of a national religion or state church.
To safeguard the right to freedom of religion.
To permit the individual states to deal with religions.

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4
Q

What did the Founding Fathers intend in the First Amendment?

A

To ensure that state and church be institutionally separate.

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5
Q

What is the lemon test

A

determine if government assistance to religion violates the First Amendment’s Establishment Clause

The law must have a secular purpose.
The law’s primary effect must be neutral towards religion.
The law must not foster an excessive entanglement of government with religion.

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5
Q

why did the founding fathers refuse to support an established religion?

A

They believed that true religion is a matter of the heart and will and cannot be forced upon someone.

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5
Q

What prohibitions has the Court made against a total “free exercise” of religion.

A

One cannot exercise a religious practice if it is dangerous.

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5
Q

According to william blackstone, what does freedom of the press involve?

A

Every freeman has an undoubted right to lay what sentiments he pleases before the public.

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6
Q

What types of speech are not protected by the Bill of Rights

A

Speech that can destroy someones reputation (slander)

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6
Q

False writing

A

Libel

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7
Q

What right does the final section of the first amendment protect?

A

The to peaceably assemble to protest grievances.

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8
Q

What are the two dominant ideas of the second amendment?

A

1) Militias are necessary to the security of a free state.
2) The right to keep and bare arms cannot be infringed (violated)

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9
Q

What right does the third amendment guaranteed one in regard to his home?

A

Property rights

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10
Q

Restricts the sale of handguns by requiring a waiting period for the purchase of a handgun.

A

Brady Law

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11
Q

What right is guaranteed in the fourth amendment?

A

Protects individuals against unreasonable searches by civil authorities without a warrant

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12
Q

What, according to Walter Williams, is the most “human” right of all?

A

Private property

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13
Q

A written statement issued by a judge which gives a law officer the legal right to search for a particular thing in a specific place.

A

warrant

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14
Q

What right is guaranteed in the fifth amendment?

A

no ordinary citizen can be accused of a felony before a grand jury considers the evidence and decides if it sufficient to stand trial

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15
Q

a crime so serious it is punishable by death

A

capital crime

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16
Q

Accused of a capital crime, other serious crime.

A

A felony

17
Q

special military courts where members of the U.S armed forces are tried

A

Court-Martial

18
Q

A serviceman found guilty in a court-martial has the right to appeal the verdict to the _____.

A

U.S court of military appeals.

19
Q

The right of civil government to take over a person’s land or other private property for public use is called the right of ______.

A

Eminent domain

20
Q

What is guaranteed in the sixth amendment

A

Asserts a person’s right to a fair, public trial to be held as soon as possible after the commission of a crime.

21
Q

What is provided by the seventh amendment?

A

Provides a jury trial for lawsuits where the sum of money in dispute exceeds 20$

22
Q

What does the eighth amendment prohibit?

A

Cruel and unusual punishment

23
Q

A sum of money that a person accused of a crime deposits with a court in order to be temporarily released from jail

A

Bail

24
Q

What did the Court decide about capital punishment in Furman v. Georgia

A

Capital punishment implemented by several states was “cruel and unusual punishment”

25
Q

What did the Court decide about capital punishment in Gregg v. Georgia

A

That capital punishment did not invariably violate the constitution

26
Q

What protections are guaranteed in the ninth amendment?

A

We do not have to surrender certain rights merely because they are not listed

27
Q

Amendment that reassures the citizenry that the national government would not devour the state government

A

Tenth amendment

28
Q

Which amendment abolished slavery in the United States?

A

Amendment 13

29
Q

Which amendment granted the former slaved citizenship?

A

Amendment 14

30
Q

What amendment established slaves right to vote?

A

Amendment 15

31
Q

What is the source of federal civil rights legislation

A

Amendment 14

32
Q

Which amendment established national prohibition?

A

Amendment 18

33
Q

What act provided the means to enforce the amendment?

A

Volstead Act / National Prohibition Act

34
Q

How long did prohibition last?

A

13 years (1920 - 1933)

35
Q

What benefits did the prohibitions bring the nation?

A

Consumption of alcohol was decreased, and crime related alcohol was decreased.

36
Q

What was the purpose of the 19th amendment?

A

Women’s suffrage

37
Q

Which amendment repealed prohibition?

A

Amendment 21

38
Q

What limits did the 22nd amendment place on the presidency?

A

Limited the tenure of the president to two terms and a maximum of ten years.

39
Q

Whose exceptionally long tenure as president prompted the adoption of the 22nd amendment

A

Franklin D. Roosevelt

40
Q

According to the 26th amendment, who may vote in federal elections?

A

Citizens eighteen years of age and older

41
Q

Declared the slaves within the confederacy to be “Then, thenceforward, and forever free”

A

Emancipation proclamation

42
Q

The right to vote

A

Suffrage

43
Q

Moved the date on which newly elected presidents, v.p, senators, and representatives take office, eliminating “lame duck” sessions of Congress.

A

20th amendment (lame duck amendment)

44
Q

Made it illegal to require a voter to pay any tax as a prerequisite to voting in a national election

A

Amendment 24

45
Q

Placed a restriction on the power of congress to raise its own salary

A

Amendment 27

American History and Government (10 decks)

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