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Science > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

im bored yall 💩

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1
Q

How do forces in nature affect us?

A

Tsunami
- surface of Earth consists- large pieces of rocks plates
- plates- float on a semi- liquid layer- asthenosphere
- move slowly/continuously
Global warming
- result- increase in surface tempt of seas/oceans
- longer/intense storms

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2
Q

What is a force?

A

Push or pull

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3
Q

What is force measured by and SI unit of force?

A
  • Spring balance/Newton meter
  • SI unit: Newton (N)
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4
Q

What are the two types of forces?

A
  • Contact forces
  • Non contact force
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5
Q

What is contact force?

A
  • force that acts when object touch
  • exp: friction
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6
Q

What are non-contact forces?

A
  • forces that act at a distance from an object
  • exp: magnetic force, electric force, gravitational force
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7
Q

What is friction?

A
  • force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact
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8
Q

How to reduce friction?

A
  • streamed shapes- reduce water/air resistance
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9
Q

What is elastic force/tension?

A
  • force acting on stretched/compressed elastic object to return to its original state/shape
  • when elastic object is stretched/compressed- resists change in shape- exert force in opposite direction
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10
Q

What is Gravitational force?

A
  • force pulls all objects towards earth
  • gravity works on any two objects with mass
  • weight of object= gravitational force acting on object
  • increase mass, increase weight
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11
Q

What is the SI unit of gravitational force?

A

Newtons (N)

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12
Q

What is electrical force?

A
  • 2 charged objects- experience electrical force of repulsion/attraction without direct contact
  • Like charges- repel
  • Unlike charges- attract
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13
Q

What is magnetic force?

A
  • 2 magnets- experience magnetic force of repulsion/attraction without direct contact
  • Like poles- repel
  • Unlike poles- attract
  • Magnets (only attract with magnetic materials)- attract objects made from iron/steel/nickel/combalt
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14
Q

How do maglev trains work?

A
  • Magnets in track and train- repel and lift slightly above track
  • No contact- friction, greatly reduced- allow train to move very fast
  • Maglev train- experience mainly air resistance
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15
Q

What is mass?

A
  • measure of amount of matter in an object
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16
Q

What is mass measured with and SI unit?

A
  • Beam balance/electronic balance
  • SI unit: kilograms (kg)
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17
Q

What is amount of matter equal to?

A

Amount of matter= number of atoms/molecules making up the object

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18
Q

Is it possible to have mass but no weight?

A

YES!

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19
Q

How is weight/gravitational force created?

A

When 2 or more masses interact, exert mutually attractive force on each other

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20
Q

What is the relationship between mass and weight? (formula)

A

weight= mass x constant value of gravity
In simple terms, w= m x g

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21
Q

what is the constant gravitational force on earth?

A

10N/Kg

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22
Q

What is the difference between mass and weight?

A

Weight
-Gravitational force exerted on an object
- May change based on location
- SI UNIT: Newton (N)
- Spring balance

Mass
- amount of matter in an object
- CONSTANT no matter location
- SI UNIT: Kilogram (Kg)
- Electronic balance, beam balance

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23
Q

How is motion charactized by?

A
  • how fast an object is
  • direction of its movement
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24
Q

What does it mean when a object is in motion?

A

It means the object is moving

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25
Q

What are some examples of changes in motion?

A
  • initially starts to move
  • moving at constant speed=slow down
  • moving at constant speed=speed up
  • change direction of movement
  • stops moving
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26
Q

When there is no changes to motion what are the two ONLY possible outcomes?

A
  • remains stationary (initally at rest)
  • move- constant speed in straight line
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27
Q

Is it possible for an object to be in motion when the net/resultant force acting on the object is zero?

A

Yes it is possible

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27
Q

What can a force do? (6 points :)

A

-move a stationary object
- change speed of object
- stop a moving object
- change direction in which object moves
- cause a turning effect to about object about a pivot
- change shape/size

BOLD- changes in motion of an object

27
Q

What else changes when there is changes in motion?

A

changes way of movement

28
Q

What happens if the net/resultant force is zero at all times?

A

object can only move with constant speed in a straight line/remain at rest if initally resting

28
Q

What happens when there is no net force?

A
  • Motion- remains unchanged
  • If object is moving, can only move with constant speed in a straight line
29
Q

What can a net/resultant force do?

A
  • cause a change in state motion of object
30
Q

What does motion consists of?

A
  • speed
  • direction of travel
31
Q

What does it mean when there is changes to motion? (in terms of net force)

A

net force IS acting on object
ur mom 😝

31
Q

What is pressure? 𝕾𝖐𝖎𝖇𝖎𝖉𝖎 𝕿𝖔𝖎𝖑𝖊𝖙

A

-effect of force acting on an object
-amount of force acting per unit area

32
Q

What does pressure depend on?

A

-force
-area

32
Q

Why is there greater pressure?

A

Force acts on smaller area, higher pressure

32
Q

What is an example of pressure?

A

If bag hung on one shoulder- more pressure
If bag hung 2 shoulders- pressure- lesser exerted on each shoulder

33
Q

What is the formula and SI unit of pressure?

A

Formula:
Pressure= force/contact area
SI unit:
Pascal/Newton per square meter

34
Q

1 example of pressure in daily life

A
  • injection- very sharp- area of contact with needle with skin- very small- high pressure
35
Q

What is the relationship between pressure and depth of water?

A

Higher water pressure with an increasing depth

36
Q

What are 2 examples of pressure in liquid in daily life?

A

Dam
- base of dam- thicker than its top
- why?- water pressure higher at bottom
- thicker wall- able to withstand high pressure

Submarine
- pressure deep below water surface- high
- thus, submarine needs strong body to withstand high pressure

36
Q

Characteristics of air particles

A
  • light
  • still occupy space
  • have mass
37
Q

What is atmospheric pressure?

A
  • force exerted by layer of air per unit area
38
Q

Examples of Atmospheric pressure

A

Drinking straw
- suck on straw, some air removed
- air pressure decreases, decreases atmospheric pressure
- higher atmospheric pressure- pushes liquid up straw into mouth

Suction cup
- press suction cup hook against smooth surface, air is pushed from under suction cup
- air pressure between cup and surface decreases, decreases atmospheric pressure
- lower atmospheric pressure helps to hold it in place

39
Q

MEGAN SUCKS

A

YES :) hehe 💩

40
Q

How is energy and force related?

A

in terms of work done

41
Q

What is the definition of work done?

A

process of energy transfer

42
Q

Define work

A

use of a force to move an object in the direction of the force

43
Q

What are the conditions needed for work to be done?

A
  • there is a force acting on the object
  • object moves through a distance
  • object moves in direction of the force

IF ANY ABSENT, NO WORK IS DONE

44
Q

What is the formula for work done?

A
  • work done: force x distance moved in direction of force
    simple terms: W.D= FxD
45
Q

What is the SI unit for energy

A

Joules (J)

46
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A
  • energy cannot be destroyed or created
  • energy can be converted from one form to another/transferred
47
Q

Common sources of energy

A

Fossil fules

47
Q

What is fossil fuels, explain

A

-formed from remains of dead plants/animals (millions years ago)
-fossil fuels burnt, undergo chemical process, release heat energy converted to KE used to produce electrical energy

-conversion: chemical potential energy—heat energy—kinetic energy—electrical energy

48
Q

Impact of the use of fossil fuels on the environment

A

-releases air pollutants and greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide_
- contribute to global warming, increases rate of climate change- natural disasters

49
Q

OTHER ALTERNATIVE sources of energy (points only)

A

-solar energy
- hydroelectric energy
- wind energy
- geothermal energy
- biofuels
-nuclear energy

50
Q

Explain how solar energy works and the conversion of energy

A

-made of materials that captures sunlight to convert light energy to electrical energy
- conversion: light energy–electrical energy

51
Q

Impact of the use of solar energy on the environment SPECIAL (advantage)

A

-although it generates electricity without releasing air pollutant, sufficient care needs to be taken to reduce amount of toxic waste during production and disposal of solar panels

52
Q

Explain how hydroelectric energy works and conversion of energy

A
  • electrical energy generated by turbines when moving powers them
  • hydroelectric power station stores water in reservoir behind dam
  • when water released from dam, moving water powers turbines to generate electricity
  • conversion: GPE—K.E (water)—K.E(turbine)–Electrical energy
53
Q

Impact of the use of hydroelectric energy on the environment

A
  • reservoirs flood and area near there, flooded
  • affects plants/force animals to move to other area
54
Q

Explain how wind energy works and conversion of energy

A

-energy from wind to electrical energy
-wind blows at the wind turbine, KE of wind is transferred to blades of the turbine, blades rotate
-generator connected to the turbine spins, generates electrical energy
- conversion: K.E (wind)—K.E (wind turbine)—electrical energy

55
Q

Impact of the use of wind energy on the environment

A
  • large plots needs to be cleared to build
  • loss of wildlife- natural habitats–destroyed
  • Nosie pollution when blades turn
56
Q

Explain how geothermal energy works and conversion of energy

A
  • heat stored in Earth
  • geothermal power plant- uses heat from deep inside Earth to generate steam, powers a turbine to produce electricity
  • conversion: Heat energy (earth’s core)—K.E (steam)—K.E(turbine)—electrical energy
57
Q

Impact of the use of geothermal energy on the environment

A
  • large areas/lots of land need=habitats loss
58
Q

Explain how biofuels works

A
  • made from animal waste/plant materials
  • produced from recycling of food waste
  • used to power motor vehicles
  • carbon dioxide produced by vehicles- reabsorbed by plants when they make food
59
Q

Impact of the use of biofuels on the environment SPECIAL (advantage)

A
  • releases air pollutant
  • ADVANTAGE: plants used to make biofuels can be grown in short time/recycle/reduce waste :)
    : balances carbon dioxide intake and release
60
Q

Explain how Nuclear energy works and conversion of energy

A
  • nucleus of an atom
  • can be obtained through nuclear reactions and converted to electrical energy
    -nuclear power plants generate electrical energy using heavy atoms
  • when heavy atom splits into smaller atoms a large amount of heat is released which is used to boil water then forms steam- power turbine-electricity
  • conversion: nuclear energy—heat energy—K.E—electrical energy
61
Q

Impact of the use of nuclear energy on the environment SPECIAL (advantage)

A

-newer and safer way to generate energy from nuclear reactions (lesser land/clean energy)
-minimize risk of health/safety of communities living near nuclear power plants

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