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Science > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What forms a electrical system?

A

electrical appliances + electrical components

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2
Q

What is a cell and what does it do?

A

what: one battery
do: provide energy to push electric charges around circuit

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3
Q

What does an ammeter measure?

A

measure electric current

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4
Q

What does an voltmeter measure?

A

measure voltage

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5
Q

What does variable resistor (rheostat) do?

A

reduce electric current, increases electric resistance

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6
Q

What is electric current and SI unit?

A
  • It is the rate of flow of electric charges
  • SI unit: ampere (A)

rate- per unit time

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7
Q

When does electricity flow?

A

When there is
- source of electrical energy (battery)
- closed circuit

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8
Q

How does flow of electrical charges affect current?

A

greater flow of electric charges per unit time, larger current

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9
Q

Symbol VS unit of electric current

A

I- is symbol of electric current
A- unit of electric current

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10
Q

Which direction is convection current?

A

Current starting from the positive terminal of the battery and ending at negative terminal of battery (unlike charges attract)

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11
Q

Which direction is electron flow?

A

Starts at negative terminal to ending at positive terminal

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12
Q

How is electric current measured?

A

with ammeter

red- positive black-negative

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13
Q

How is a ammeter connected?

A

IN SERIES (single electrical path thus, same current passing)

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14
Q

What is a series circuit?
3 POINTS

A
  • A single path
  • Current - same
  • One bulb removed, no current flows
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15
Q

What is a parallel circuit?
4 POINTS

A
  • Two/more branches - electrical component in each branch
  • Current- divides and flows through each branch
  • One bulb removed, others remain lit (circuit remains closed)
  • sum of electric current at individual branch equals to total current in circuit
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16
Q

What is electrical conductors?

A

Low resistance to current

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17
Q

What is electrical resistance?

A

ability to slow/oppose current

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18
Q

What is electrical insulators?

A

current cannot flow through (VERY HIGH RESISTANCE)

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19
Q

What is electrical energy converted to?

A

thermal + light energy

any electrical components with resistance will be able to convert electrical potential energy to

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20
Q

What has little to no resistance?
2 POINTS

A
  • ammeter
  • connecting wires

NO convertion of energy when current flows through

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21
Q

Definition 1 and SI unit of potential difference

A
  • work done to drive unit electric charge through the component
  • in simple terms, measurement of the difference in electric energy between two points in a circuit
  • SL unit: voltage (V)
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22
Q

How is a voltmeter connected?

A
  • ONLY IN PARALLEL across bulb (connected in series- no current in the circuit due to its high resistance)
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23
Q

What is work done?

A

process of energy transfer

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24
Q

How is the battery supplied?
(energy conversion)

A

chemical potential energy to electrical potential energy

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25
Q

Potential difference/voltage 2 definition

A

amount of electrical potential energy that is converted to other forms of energy WHEN electric charges passes through the component

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26
Q

Difference between potential/potential difference

A

potential- electrical potential energy that is available to every unit of electrical charge
potential difference - difference between electrical potential energy when the same unit charge passes through the bulb

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27
Q

What does the voltmeter show?

A

difference in the potential values (HP- LP)

HP - high potential
LP -low potential

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28
Q

What is the law of conservation of energy?

A

the difference/decrease in electrical potential energy- amt of energy converted to thermal energy when unit electric charge passes through

29
Q

Whay is an electrical component?

A
  • an obstacle against flow of electrons :(
  • have resistance
30
Q

How does the resistance affect the current? (relationship)

A

higher resistance, lower current

31
Q

How is electrical resistance produced?

A
  • As electrons move through the conductor,
  • they collide with metal ions which are vibrating abt their fixed positions.
  • these collisions opposes flow of electrons
  • hence, resistance is produced
32
Q

What is the definition of resistance? (formula as well)

A
  • ratio of voltage across the component to the current flowing through it
    R=V/I
33
Q

How does the temperature affect the resistance?

A

higher temperature, higher resistance

34
Q

YOU ARE DOING GREAT

A

DUH YES

35
Q

What is a resistor/rheostat?
4 POINTS

A
  • conductor that has high resistance
  • used in circuit to control amount of current
  • different values of resistances-change settings (move slider along metal rod- change length of wire which current flows)
  • fixed OR variable

current flow through longer length, greater electrical resistance, lower current

36
Q

Use of variable resistor

A

Thermometer

37
Q

Resistor added in series. Calculate total resistance

A
  • Rt= R1+R2+R3+R4…
  • increases overall resistance
38
Q

Resistor added in parallel. Calculate total resistance

A
  • 1/Rt = 1/R1 + 1/R2 = 2/R
    (THEREFORE Rt= R/2 FLIP!)
  • decreases overall resistance
39
Q

What happens when electrical energy is passed through certain chemical solution/liquid?

A

Chemical change occurs

40
Q

What is the chemical effect of electric current used for?

A
  • Used in extraction of metals
  • For electroplating an object with a thin layer of metal
41
Q

What is electroplating?

A
  • Repeated cleaning/disinfection of surgical instruments (increase rate of corrosion)
42
Q

What do antimicrobial properties do? (gold and silver contain)

A
  • Destroy harmful microorganisms
42
Q

Why is electroplating useful?

A
  • It minimize damage/lengthen lifespan- clean/safe to use
42
Q

What happens when electrical energy is passed through a heating element?

A

Electrical energy is converted to thermal energy and sometimes light energy

42
Q

How does a heating element work?

A
  • consists of wire made of high resistance material, that is able to withstand high temperatures

nichrome wire, becomes hot when a current flows through

42
Q

What direction does the compass face when there is no current flowing?

A

North

43
Q

What direction does the compass face when there is current flowing through?

A

In the direction of the current’s magnetic field.

44
Q

When electric charges move what is produced?

A

There will be magnetic field produced

45
Q

What happens when electric current passes through a magnetic element?

A

Electromagnet is formed (temporary magnet)

45
Q

How do you increase the strength of electromagnets?

A
  • Increase current-increase battery
  • Increase number of turns of coils
45
Q

Define power and SI unit :)

**KEEP GOING YOU CAN DO IT! <3

A
  • rate of work done
  • SI unit: Watts (W)

Rate- per unit time

46
Q

Define work done :)

A
  • energy transfer per unit time
46
Q

SI unit of energy

A
  • Joules (J)
  • kWh (used to measure electricity in homes)
47
Q

Formula for energy

A

E= Pt

energy (kWh), power(kWh) and time(H)

48
Q

How do you reduce the consumption of electricity?
(common sense :l)

A
  • turn off appliances when not in use
  • use LED lamp instead of other :)
49
Q

When does electric fire occur?

A
  • large current flows in electric wiring and wire get too hot
50
Q

What is the two main electrical danger?

A
  • electric shock
  • electric fire
51
Q

When does electric shock occur?

A
  • when a person touches damaged/exposed wire carrying current
52
Q

Can water conduct electricity?

A

Yes although it is not a good conductor

53
Q

How are frayed and damaged wires formed?

A

Short circuit- a large current- wires become hot- electric fire when someone touches it- electric shock

53
Q

What is a short circuit?

A
  • A path with very low resistance between two points in a circuit
53
Q

When does overloading occur?

A
  • too many electrical appliances are connected to a main socket (using an electrical adaptor)
54
Q

When does a short circuit occur?

A
  • broken/bare wire touches another wire
55
Q

Why is overloading dangerous?

A
  • a large current flows in the house- causes wire to be too hot - cause fire >:( mom mad >^<
56
Q

Define fuse and use of it :)
(go on bbg!)

A
  • fuse is an electric component -
    protect the electric appliances from
    overheating due to excessive current.
56
Q

How does circuit breaker work?

A
  • current flow- too large- switch linked to electrical trips and cuts off current- prevent electric shocks
57
Q

2 safety devices in household electrical system

A
  • Fuse
  • Circuit breaker
58
Q

How does fuse work?

A
  • Due to electrical fault in an appliance, current flows-larger than current rating of its fuse
  • causes- fuse-melt
  • fuse- melts- no current can flow
  • NEED TO REPLACE FUSE IF THAT HAPPENS :)

Science (8 decks)

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