Chapter 9 Flashcards
Personality
The structures and propensities inside people that explain their characteristics patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior
Traits
Recurring regularities or trends in people’s responses to their environment
Cultural values
Shared beliefs about desirable end states or modes of conduct in a given environment
The Big Five Taxonomy
Conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience, and extraversion
Extra version typically remains ___ throughout a person’s life
Stable
Openness to experience stays ____ throughout a person’s life after sharp increase in teenage to college years.
Stable
Conscientiousness
Dependable, organized, reliable, ambitious, hardworking, persevering
Accomplishment striving
A strong desire to accomplish task-related goals as a means of expressing personality
Agreeableness
Warm, kind, cooperative, sympathetic, helpful, and courteous
Communion striving
Strong desire to obtain acceptance in personal relationships as a means of expressing personality
Extra version
Talkative, sociable, passionate, assertive, bold, and dominant
Zero acquaintance situations
Situations in which two people have only just met
Status striving
Strong desire to obtain power and influence within a social structure saw a means of expressing personality
Positive affectivity
A dispositional tendency to experience pleasant, engaging moods such as enthusiasm, excitement, and elation
Neuroticism
Nervous, moody, emotional, insecure, and jealous
Negative affectivity
A dispositional tendency to experience unpleasant moods such as hostility, nervousness, and annoyance
Differential exposure
Neurotic people are more likely to appraise day-to-day situations as stressful
Differential reactivity
Neurotic people are less likely to believe they can cope with the stressors that they experience
Locus of control
Reflects whether people attribute the causes of events to themselves or the external environment
Neurotic people tend to hold an ___ locus of control.
External
Openness to experience
Curious, imaginative, creative, complex, refined, and sophisticated
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Extra version, sensing, thinking, judging
Interests
Expressions of personality that influence behavior through preferences for certain environments and activities
RIASEC model
Realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, conventional
Culture
Shared values, beliefs, motives, identities, and interpretations that result from common experiences of members of a society and are transmitted across generations
Hofstede
Individualism-collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity-femininity
Ethnocentrism
A propensity to view one’s own cultural values as right and those of other cultures wrong
Typical performance
Reflects performance in the routine conditions that surround daily job tasks
Maximum
Reflects performance in brief, special circumstances that demand a person’s best effort
Conscientious employees are ___ likely to engage in citizenship behaviors
More
Situational strength
suggests “strong situations” have clear behaviors expectations, incentives, or instructions that make differences between individuals less important, whereas “weak situations” lack those cues
Trait activation
Suggests that some situations provide cues that trigger the expression of a given trait
Integrity tests
Personality tests that focus specifically on predisposition to engage in theft and other counterproductive behaviors
Integrity tests come in two varieties
Clear purpose and veiled purpose
Clear purpose tests
Ask applicants about their attitudes about dishonesty, beliefs about frequency of dishonesty, endorsements of common rationalizations for dishonesty, desire to punish dishonesty, and confessions of past dishonesty
Veiled purpose tests
Do not reference dishonesty explicitly but instead asses more general personality traits that are associated with dishonest acts
The day before Angel begins an important assignment at work, she shows a tendency to get nervous, moody, and insecure. In the context of the Big Five taxonomy, the personality dimension ________ best describes Angel.
Neuroticism
Communion striving reflects a
Strong desire to obtain acceptance in personal relationships as a means of expressing personality.
True or False Miriam is known as a person who is talkative. In the context of the Big Five taxonomy, the extraversion personality dimension best describes Miriam.
True
True or False: T/F Personality refers to the structures and propensities inside people that explain their characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior.
True
True or False: People’s beliefs create their social reputations.
False
True or False: Felix started his new job about a month ago. When asked, he says he likes most of his coworkers. One of them, though, is mean-spirited, obnoxious, petty, and belligerent. Felix is describing his coworker’s social traits.
False
True or False: In the context of the Big Five taxonomy, a submissive person is said to be an extravert.
False
True or False: Those with low scores on neuroticism are more likely to demonstrate Type A behavior patterns.
False
True or False: Extraversion changes quite significantly over a person’s life span.
False
True or False: Conscientious people are dependable, organized, reliable, ambitious, hardworking, and persevering.
True
True or False: Of the Big Five, openness to experience is the easiest to judge in zero acquaintance situations.
False
True or False: From the perspective of job performance, neuroticism is the most important of the Big Five.
False
True or False: Neurotic people tend to have an external locus of control.
True
True or False: In the context of the Big Five taxonomy, openness to experience is positively related to performance across all occupations.
False
True or False: The most appropriate use of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is in a team-building context.
True
True or False: Holland’s RIASEC model focuses on people’s vocational interests.
True
True or False: Artistic people tend to enjoy abstract, analytical, theory-oriented tasks.
False
True or False: Holland’s RIASEC model includes the personality dimensions of conscientiousness and neuroticism.
False
True or False: Low-power distance cultures prefer that power be distributed uniformly where possible, in an egalitarian fashion.
True
True or False: Conscientiousness has a moderate positive effect on performance.
True
True or False: Christina is attending a business meeting at a client’s office. Some of the other attendees are formally dressed; others are in shorts and T-shirts. The table is round instead of rectangular, so there is no head to let her know who the most important person at the meeting is. There is no agenda to let her know what the important topics are today. Her personality is most likely to drive her behavior in this situation.
True
True or False: Personality tests are valid and reliable assessments that have been subjected to scientific investigation.
False
Which of the following scenarios demonstrates personality?
a. Phoebe volunteers in the crisis shelter like everyone in her church.
b. Dalton can perform any mechanical task well.
c. Shanda is generally friendly, likable, and calm under pressure.
d. Lulu scores extremely well on an intelligence test.
e. Monte lacks coordination and performs poorly in all sports.
C
Kevin fidgets and taps on things, sighs often, squirms, constantly checks the time, and yells at people when they ask him how a project is going. The people who work with Kevin perceive him as uptight, mean, anxious, and rude. These perceptions are primarily formed by Kevin’s
Personality
Personality is a collection of multiple
Traits
Personality traits are a function of both your
environment and genes
Arney has been retained by Fluffy Soft Programmers to hire a new worker because he is an expert at personality types and their effect on job performance. Which one of the following interviewees should Arney hire? a. Andrea, who gets easily jealous and worries that she is not good enough to do her job
b. Linda, who goes out of her way to help others and show them respect
c. Barbara, who talks to everyone and likes to be in the middle of the action
d. Theresa, who has very complex ideas and constantly seeks answers
e. Joy, who likes to work hard until a task is completely finished
E
Which of the following scenarios describes a worker with a neurotic personality? a. Lynn stays two hours after closing all week to complete her blueprints perfectly.
b. Amy yells at Jacob to go away when he asks her how she is doing, then brings him coffee with a big smile an hour later.
c. Tyler envisions and then experiments with a new approach to do his job every week.
d. Raul greets everyone entering the office with a handshake and a funny story.
e. David takes on a substantial part of Joann’s workload just to help her and everyone on the team have a pleasant day.
B
Herb’s office is impeccably organized. Herb always shows up on time and can be counted to volunteer when someone is needed to go above and beyond usual duties. Herb says he will run the company someday, and he is willing to put in as many hours and as much suffering as it takes to get there. Herb exemplifies the personality trait of
Conscientiousness
Which of the following is a dimension of the Big Five taxonomy?
a. motivation
b. locus of control
c. integrity
d. veiled purpose
e. extraversion
E
Quincy is always wondering about why things happen, how things work, and what would happen if something was different. He thinks of exciting possibilities that are often outside the box. He is described by his friends as classy and eloquent. Quincy is probably high on the trait of
openness to experience
Kartik never raises his voice or loses his temper, and he explains things calmly in chaotic situations when others cannot. He is described by his coworkers as cool and relaxed. Kartik probably scores
low neuroticism
Peyton is a well-liked intern at Gary’s Tri-State Metal Sales. Customers and co-workers describe Peyton as kind, cooperative, sympathetic, and warm. Peyton probably has a great deal of the Big Five Trait of
aggreeableness
The day before Angel begins an important assignment at work, she shows a tendency to get nervous, moody, and insecure. In the context of the Big Five taxonomy, the personality dimension _____ best describes Angel.
neuroticism
The Source, an engineering company, introduced a 360-degree feedback system. Lou, who was being considered for a promotion, was described as eager to learn and innovate. Isaac was appreciated for his meticulous and organized work and was the one the team could depend on during crunch time. Gloria’s ability to be cooperative, accommodating, and sociable to customers who had grievances was well acknowledged in the feedback. In the context of the Big Five taxonomy, the personality dimension _____ best describes Isaac.
conscientiousness
The Source, an engineering company, introduced a 360-degree feedback system. Lou, who was being considered for a promotion, was described as eager to learn and innovate. Isaac was appreciated for his meticulous and organized work and was the one the team could depend on during crunch time. Gloria’s ability to be cooperative, accommodating, and sociable to customers who had grievances was well acknowledged in the feedback. In the context of the Big Five taxonomy, the personality dimension _____ best describes Lou.
openness to experience
The Source, an engineering company, introduced a 360-degree feedback system. Lou, who was being considered for a promotion, was described as eager to learn and innovate. Isaac was appreciated for his meticulous and organized work and was the one the team could depend on during crunch time. Gloria’s ability to be cooperative, accommodating, and sociable to customers who had grievances was well acknowledged in the feedback. In the context of the Big Five taxonomy, the personality dimension _____ best describes Gloria.
extraversion
Which of the following scenarios represents a zero acquaintance situation? Which of the following scenarios represents a zero acquaintance situation?
a. Kareem never associates with coworkers outside of the office.
b. Larry is at a conference and has just been introduced to Heidi.
c. Whitman took a personality test that labeled him as being neurotic.
d. Marco refuses to speak to Charlie because of political differences.
e. Bryce and Layla have a discussion and realize they do not have any mutual friends.
B
According to longitudinal studies, the two Big Five dimensions most dependent on genes are
extraversion and openness.
The Big Five personality dimension that has the biggest influence on job performance is
conscientiousness
Sofia is driven to finish something once she starts it. This often means she stays at work later then other workers, stays more focused when she is at work, and takes shorter breaks than everyone else. Sofia is a(n) ______ striver.
accomplishment
When a fight broke out between two workers at Fish HVAC, Tobias, a coworker, decided to walk away and let the situation resolve on its own. In the context of the Big Five taxonomy, the personality dimension _____ best describes Tobias.
aggreeableness
The Chinese culture is a tight social framework in which people take care of the members of a broader in group and act loyal to it. In the context of Hofstede’s dimensions, what is the personality dimension that you will use to describe the Chinese culture?
collectivism
