chapter 9

Question 1

Who developed the concept of psychoanalysis

Answer 1

Sigmund Freud

Question 2

what focuses on identifying and releasing unconscious, repressed feelings, thoughts, memories, and desires that are negatively impacting your life.

Answer 2

Psychoanalysis

Question 3

Freud has been referred to as the

Answer 3

original archeologist of the human mind.

Question 4

Freud’s model of human nature relied on the notion of what to motivate all human activity

Answer 4

psychic energy

Question 5

Freud believed that psychic energy operated according to the

Answer 5

law of conservation of energy

Question 6

Freud believed that there were strong innate forces that provided all the energy in the psychic system. What are they called

Answer 6

instincts

Question 7

In Freud’s initial formulation, there were two fundamental categories of instincts

Answer 7

self-preservation instincts and sexual instincts.

Question 8

life and death intincts

Answer 8

libido and thatanos

Question 9

According to Freud, the human mind consists of three parts. What are they

Answer 9

concious, preconcious, and unconcious

Question 10

this mind is the part that contains all the thoughts, feelings, and perceptions that you are presently aware of.

Answer 10

The conscious

Question 11

Any piece of information that you are not presently thinking about, but that could easily be retrieved and made conscious, is found in the

Answer 11

preconscious mind.

Question 12

according to Freud, largest part of the human mind.

Answer 12

The unconscious

Question 13

in the analytic psychology of Carl Jung, the portion of each individual’s unconscious are

Answer 13

collective and personal unconscious

Question 14

This repository of core human feelings and experience is represented in the common symbols that turn up in myths and stories across vastly different cultures.

Answer 14

archetypes

Question 15

Important archetypes are

Answer 15

animal (fem) and animus (masc)

Question 16

states are unconscious states that can directly motivate a subject’s behavior and whose unconscious character typically results from a form of repression.

Answer 16

Motivationally unconscious (M-unconscious)

Question 17

Freud saw this as something we are born with and as the source of all drives and urges

Answer 17

the id

Question 18

According to Freud, the id operates according to the which is the desire for immediate gratification.

Answer 18

pleasure principle

Question 19

The id also operates with, which is thinking without logical rules of conscious thought or an anchor in reality

Answer 19

primary process thinking

Question 20

whereby something unavailable is conjured up and the image of it is temporarily satisfying

Answer 20

wishfulfillment

Question 21

The what is the part of the mind that constrains the id to reality. According to Freud, it develops within the first two or three years of life.

Answer 21

ego

Question 22

The ego operates according to the what. The ego understands that the ur ges of the id are often in conflict with social and physical reality

Answer 22

reality principle

Question 23

The ego engages in what, which is the development of strategies for solving problems and obtaining satisfaction.

Answer 23

in secondary process thinking

Question 24

This is the part of the mind that internalizes the values, morals, and ideals of society

Answer 24

superego

Question 25

this is an unpleasant state, which acts as a signal that things are not right, and something must be done.

Answer 25

Anxiety

Question 26

The efforts to defend oneself from anxiety are called

Answer 26

defense mechanisms

Question 27

Freud identified three types of anxiety;

Answer 27

objective, neurotic, and moral anxiety

Question 28

Such anxiety occurs in response to a real, external threat to the person.

Answer 28

objective

Question 29

this anxiety occurs when there is a direct conflict between the id and the ego. The danger is that the ego may lose control over an unacceptable desire of the id.

Answer 29

neurotic

Question 30

this anxiety is caused by a conflict between the ego and the superego. For example, a person who suffers from chronic shame or feelings of guilt over not living up to “proper” standards, even though such standards might not be attainable

Answer 30

moral

Question 31

the process of pre- venting unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or urges from reaching conscious awareness.

Answer 31

repression

Question 32

In contrast to repression, which involves keeping an experience out of memory, a person in what insists that things are not the way they seem.

Answer 32

denial

Question 33

the tendency people have to overemphasize personal characteristics and ignore situational factors in judging others' behavior.

Answer 33

fundamental attribution error

Question 34

a threatening or an unacceptable impulse is channeled or redirected from its original source to a nonthreatening target.

Answer 34

displacement

Question 35

It involves generating acceptable reasons for outcomes that might otherwise appear socially unacceptable

Answer 35

rationalization

Question 36

To stifle the expression of an unacceptable urge, a person may continually display a flurry of behavior that indicates the opposite impulse.

Answer 36

reaction formation

Question 37

is based on the notion that sometimes we see in others the traits and desires we find most upsetting in ourselves.

Answer 37

projection

Question 38

refers to the tendency many people have to assume that others are like them.

Answer 38

false consensus effect

Question 39

is the channeling of unacceptable sexual or aggressive instincts into socially desired activities

Answer 39

sublimation

Question 40

According to the theory, children seek sexual gratification at each stage b investing libidinal energy in a specific body part

Answer 40

psychosexual stage theory.

Question 41

If a child fails to fully resolve a conflict at a particular stage of development he or she may get stuck in that stage

Answer 41

fixation

Question 42

occurs during the initial 18 months (about 1 and a half years) after birth. During this time, the main sources of pleasure and tension reduction are the mouth, lips, and tongue

Answer 42

oral stage

Question 43

which typically occurs between the ages of 18 months (about 1 and a half years) and 3 years of age. At this stage, the anal sphincter is the source of sexual pleasure

Answer 43

anal stage

Question 44

this stage occurs because the child discovers that he has (or she discovers that she does not have) a penis.

Answer 44

phallic stage

Question 45

for boys, this conflict is the unconscious wish to have his mother all to himself by eliminating the father.

Answer 45

Oedipal conflict

Question 46

the fear of losing his penis drives the little boy into giving up his sexual desire for Mommy

Answer 46

castration anxiety,

Question 47

According to Freud, a little girl blames her mother for the fact that she lacks a penis. She desires her father yet, at the same time, envies him for his penis.

Answer 47

penis envy/ electra conflict

Question 48

This stage begins around puberty and lasts through one’s adult Iife. Here the libido is focused on the genitals, but not in the manner of self-manipulation associated with the phallic stage.

Answer 48

genital stage

Question 49

If you were to relax, to sit back in a comfortable chair, to let your mind wander, and then to say whatever came into your mind, you would be engaging in

Answer 49

free association

Question 50

the interpretation of dreams to determine their underlying meanings. 

Answer 50

Dream analysis

Question 51

manifest content of a dream and the latent content

Answer 51

what the dream contains and what the elements of the dream represent

Question 52

what a person sees in an ambiguous figure, such as an inkblot, reflects their personality

Answer 52

projective hypothesis

Question 53

In this stage, the patient begins reacting to the analyst as if he or she were an important figure for the patient’s own life.

Answer 53

transference

Question 54

The forces that have worked to repress the disturbing impulse or trauma now work to resist the psychoanalytic process, in a stage of psychoanalysis called

Answer 54

resistance