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personality > chapter 9 > Flashcards

chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Who developed the concept of psychoanalysis

A

Sigmund Freud

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2
Q

what focuses on identifying and releasing unconscious, repressed feelings, thoughts, memories, and desires that are negatively impacting your life.

A

Psychoanalysis

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3
Q

Freud has been referred to as the

A

original archeologist of the human mind.

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4
Q

Freud’s model of human nature relied on the notion of what to motivate all human activity

A

psychic energy

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5
Q

Freud believed that psychic energy operated according to the

A

law of conservation of energy

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6
Q

Freud believed that there were strong innate forces that provided all the energy in the psychic system. What are they called

A

instincts

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7
Q

In Freud’s initial formulation, there were two fundamental categories of instincts

A

self-preservation instincts and sexual instincts.

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8
Q

life and death intincts

A

libido and thatanos

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9
Q

According to Freud, the human mind consists of three parts. What are they

A

concious, preconcious, and unconcious

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10
Q

this mind is the part that contains all the thoughts, feelings, and perceptions that you are presently aware of.

A

The conscious

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11
Q

Any piece of information that you are not presently thinking about, but that could easily be retrieved and made conscious, is found in the

A

preconscious mind.

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12
Q

according to Freud, largest part of the human mind.

A

The unconscious

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13
Q

in the analytic psychology of Carl Jung, the portion of each individual’s unconscious are

A

collective and personal unconscious

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14
Q

This repository of core human feelings and experience is represented in the common symbols that turn up in myths and stories across vastly different cultures.

A

archetypes

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15
Q

Important archetypes are

A

animal (fem) and animus (masc)

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16
Q

states are unconscious states that can directly motivate a subject’s behavior and whose unconscious character typically results from a form of repression.

A

Motivationally unconscious (M-unconscious)

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17
Q

Freud saw this as something we are born with and as the source of all drives and urges

A

the id

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18
Q

According to Freud, the id operates according to the which is the desire for immediate gratification.

A

pleasure principle

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19
Q

The id also operates with, which is thinking without logical rules of conscious thought or an anchor in reality

A

primary process thinking

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20
Q

whereby something unavailable is conjured up and the image of it is temporarily satisfying

A

wishfulfillment

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21
Q

The what is the part of the mind that constrains the id to reality. According to Freud, it develops within the first two or three years of life.

A

ego

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22
Q

The ego operates according to the what. The ego understands that the ur ges of the id are often in conflict with social and physical reality

A

reality principle

23
Q

The ego engages in what, which is the development of strategies for solving problems and obtaining satisfaction.

A

in secondary process thinking

24
Q

This is the part of the mind that internalizes the values, morals, and ideals of society

A

superego

25
Q

this is an unpleasant state, which acts as a signal that things are not right, and something must be done.

A

Anxiety

26
Q

The efforts to defend oneself from anxiety are called

A

defense mechanisms

27
Q

Freud identified three types of anxiety;

A

objective, neurotic, and moral anxiety

28
Q

Such anxiety occurs in response to a real, external threat to the person.

A

objective

29
Q

this anxiety occurs when there is a direct conflict between the id and the ego. The danger is that the ego may lose control over an unacceptable desire of the id.

A

neurotic

30
Q

this anxiety is caused by a conflict between the ego and the superego. For example, a person who suffers from chronic shame or feelings of guilt over not living up to “proper” standards, even though such standards might not be attainable

A

moral

31
Q

the process of pre- venting unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or urges from reaching conscious awareness.

A

repression

32
Q

In contrast to repression, which involves keeping an experience out of memory, a person in what insists that things are not the way they seem.

A

denial

33
Q

the tendency people have to overemphasize personal characteristics and ignore situational factors in judging others’ behavior.

A

fundamental attribution error

34
Q

a threatening or an unacceptable impulse is channeled or redirected from its original source to a nonthreatening target.

A

displacement

35
Q

It involves generating acceptable reasons for outcomes that might otherwise appear socially unacceptable

A

rationalization

36
Q

To stifle the expression of an unacceptable urge, a person may continually display a flurry of behavior that indicates the opposite impulse.

A

reaction formation

37
Q

is based on the notion that sometimes we see in others the traits and desires we find most upsetting in ourselves.

A

projection

38
Q

refers to the tendency many people have to assume that others are like them.

A

false consensus effect

39
Q

is the channeling of unacceptable sexual or aggressive instincts into socially desired activities

A

sublimation

40
Q

According to the theory, children seek sexual gratification at each stage b investing libidinal energy in a specific body part

A

psychosexual stage theory.

41
Q

If a child fails to fully resolve a conflict at a particular stage of development he or she may get stuck in that stage

A

fixation

42
Q

occurs during the initial 18 months (about 1 and a half years) after birth. During this time, the main sources of pleasure and tension reduction are the mouth, lips, and tongue

A

oral stage

43
Q

which typically occurs between the ages of 18 months (about 1 and a half years) and 3 years of age. At this stage, the anal sphincter is the source of sexual pleasure

A

anal stage

44
Q

this stage occurs because the child discovers that he has (or she discovers that she does not have) a penis.

A

phallic stage

45
Q

for boys, this conflict is the unconscious wish to have his mother all to himself by eliminating the father.

A

Oedipal conflict

46
Q

the fear of losing his penis drives the little boy into giving up his sexual desire for Mommy

A

castration anxiety,

47
Q

According to Freud, a little girl blames her mother for the fact that she lacks a penis. She desires her father yet, at the same time, envies him for his penis.

A

penis envy/ electra conflict

48
Q

This stage begins around puberty and lasts through one’s adult Iife. Here the libido is focused on the genitals, but not in the manner of self-manipulation associated with the phallic stage.

A

genital stage

49
Q

If you were to relax, to sit back in a comfortable chair, to let your mind wander, and then to say whatever came into your mind, you would be engaging in

A

free association

50
Q

the interpretation of dreams to determine their underlying meanings. 

A

Dream analysis

51
Q

manifest content of a dream and the latent content

A

what the dream contains and what the elements of the dream represent

52
Q

what a person sees in an ambiguous figure, such as an inkblot, reflects their personality

A

projective hypothesis

53
Q

In this stage, the patient begins reacting to the analyst as if he or she were an important figure for the patient’s own life.

A

transference

54
Q

The forces that have worked to repress the disturbing impulse or trauma now work to resist the psychoanalytic process, in a stage of psychoanalysis called

A

resistance

personality (5 decks)

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