chapter 13: Emotion and Personality

Question 1

complex psychological states involving 3 distinct components:

Answer 1

emotion

Question 2

what are the 3 dinstinct components of emotion?

Answer 2

a subjective experience, a physiological response, and a behavioral/ expressive response.

Question 3

states are what, depending more on the situation than on a specific person.

Answer 3

transitory

Question 4

what refers to the specific kinds of emotions that a person might experience.

Answer 4

Content

Question 5

refers to how emotions are experienced.

Answer 5

Style

Question 6

the theory holds that there are three distinct kinds of happiness: the Pleasant Life (pleasures), the Good Life (engagement), and the Meaningful Life.

Answer 6

authentic happiness theory

Question 7

biologically based tendency to feel to display certain emotional states more frequently than others.

Answer 7

temperament

Question 8

This field combines neuroscience and psychology to study the neural mechanisms of emotions. Research indicates that structures like the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex are involved in both emotional processing and personality traits

Answer 8

Affective neuroscience

Question 9

what is the process by which individuals influence which emotions they have, when they have them, and how they express these emotions.

Answer 9

emotional regulation

Question 10

tendency to respond to everyday frustrations with anger and aggression, become easily irritated, act rudely, critically, antagonistic, uncooperatively in everyday interaction.

Answer 10

hostility

Question 11

this theory proposes the existence of six basic, distinct and universal emotions, with clear boundaries separating emotional states. Those who think that primary emotions are the key

Answer 11

The categorical theory of emotions

Question 12

researchers gather data by having subjects rate themselves on a wide variety of emotions, then apply statistical techniques (usually factor analysis) to identify the basic dimensions underlying the ratings.

Answer 12

the dimensional approach

Question 13

what refers to this exact situation where two events influence each other simultaneously

Answer 13

Reciprocal causality

Question 14

what is due primarily to a tendency of the limbic system in the brain to become easily activated.

Answer 14

neuroticism

Question 15

The what is the portion of the brain located deep inside toward the center of the brain, and it most likely evolved early in the evolution of the nervous system. 

Answer 15

anterior cingulate

Question 16

what part of the so-called executive control center of the brain.

Answer 16

prefrontal cortex

Question 17

This model suggests there is a pre-existing vulnerability, or diathesis, present among people who later become depressed.

Answer 17

diathesis-stress model

Question 18

This cognitive triad includes information about the

Answer 18

self, about the world, and about the future.

Question 19

what theory holds that this emotional problem may be the result of neurotransmitter imbalance at the synapses of the nervous system.

Answer 19

The neurotransmitter theory of depression

Question 20

what personality has focused on hostility and anger –proneness as the toxic component

Answer 20

Type A

Question 21

what individuals should exhibit more mood variability, or more frequent fluctuations in their emotional lives over time.

Answer 21

high affect intensity

Question 22

emotions are accompanied by distinct what, or increases in the probabilities of certain behaviors.

Answer 22

action tendencies

Question 23

an what is a pattern of emotional reactions that a person consistently experiences across a variety of life situations

Answer 23

emotional trait

Question 24

Said differently, part of being happy is to have what about the self, an inflated view of one s own characteristics as a good, able, and desirable person, as this characteristic appears to be part
of emotional well-being

Answer 24

positive illusions

Question 25

Beck suggests that the vulnerability lies in a particular what, or way of looking at the world.

Answer 25

cognitive schema