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A&P 1 > chapter 9 > Flashcards

chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

name of nervous system division that includes nerves

A

PNS

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2
Q

name of the nervous system division that includes brain and spinal cord

A

CNS

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3
Q

a group of peripheral axons bundled together in an epineurium is called

A

nerves

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4
Q

2 cells found in the nervous system are

A

neurons
glia

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5
Q

the knee jerk is a type of neural pathway called

A

reflex arc

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6
Q

a self propagating wave of electrical disturbances that travels along the surface of neurons plasma membrane

A

nerve impulse

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7
Q

the exterior of a resting neuron has a slight ______ charge, the interior has a slight _____ charge.

A

positive exterior
negative interior

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8
Q

during a nerve impulse, ______ is the ion that rushes into the neuron

A

sodium

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9
Q

the ______ is the place where impulses are passed from one neuron to another

A

synapse

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10
Q

acetylcholine and dopamine are examples of

A

neurotransmitters

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11
Q

_______ are chemicals used to by neurons to communicate

A

neurotransmitters

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12
Q

3 membranes that make up meninges

A

dura
arachnoid
pia

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13
Q

there are _____ pairs of cranial nerves

A

12 pairs

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14
Q

there are ______ pairs of nerves from spinal cord

A

31 pairs

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15
Q

_____are skin surface areas supplied by a single spinal nerve

A

dermatomes

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16
Q

______ is part of the autonomic nervous system that regulates effectors during non stress conditions

A

parasympathetic

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17
Q

_______ is the part of the autonomic nervous system that regulates the fight or flight

A

sympathetic

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18
Q

the preganglionic axons of the sympathetic nervous system release the neurotransmitter ________. the post ganglionic axons release ______.

A

acetylcholine
norepinephrine

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19
Q

the preganglionic axons of the parasympathetic nervous system release the neurotransmitter ______. the post ganglionic axons release ______ .

A

acetylcholine
acetylcholine

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20
Q

the autonomic system consists of neurons that conduct impulses from the brain or spinal cord to the _______ muscle tissues.

A

cardiac
smooth
glandular

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21
Q

highly branched part of neuron that carrie’s impulses toward cell body

A

dendrite

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22
Q

a single projection that carrie’s nerve impulses away from cell body

A

axon

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23
Q

white fatty substance

A

myelin

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24
Q

cells that make myelin for axons outside of CNS

A

schwann cells

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25
Q

glia cells that help blood brain barrier

A

astrocytes

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26
Q

cells that act as microbe eating in CNS

A

microglia

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27
Q

cells that make myelin for axons in CNS

A

oligodendrocyte

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28
Q

part of brain stem that contains cardiac, respiratory, and vasometer centers

A

medulla oblongata

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29
Q

part of brain stem influences respiration

A

pons

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30
Q

part of brain stem that contains relays for visual and auditory impulses

A

midbrain

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31
Q

regulates body temp, water balance, sleep wake cycles, appetite, and sexual arousal

A

hypothalamus

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32
Q

sensory relay station from various body areas to the cerebral cortex : emotions, alerting, arousal

A

thalamus

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33
Q

regulates muscle coordination, equilibrium, posture

A

cerebellum

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34
Q

sensory perception, willed movements, consciousness, and memory

A

cerebrum

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35
Q

carries messages to and from brain to rest of body & mediates reflexes

A

spinal cord

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36
Q

nerve cells

A

neurons

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37
Q

glia

A

supporting cells

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38
Q

stimulus > receptor > interneuron > CNS

A

afferent neuron

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39
Q

CNS > effector > response

A

efferent neuron

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40
Q

central neuroglia

A

microglia
astrocytes
oligodendrocyte

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41
Q

microglia (central neuroglia)

A

phagocytosis

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42
Q

astrocytes (central neuroglia )

A

makes BBB

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43
Q

oligodendrocyte (central neuroglia)

A

makes myelin sheath in CNS

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44
Q

_____ bundle of nerves in CNS

A

tract

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45
Q

_____ in PNS

A

nerves

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46
Q

periphreal neuroglia

A

node of ranvier
neurilemma
schwann cells

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47
Q

schwann cells (peripheral neuroglia)

A

myelin sheath
growth factor for axon

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48
Q

ear is the ______ organ

A

sense organ

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49
Q

brain and spinal cord is part of the ______ nervous system

A

central nervous system

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50
Q

nerves that extend to the outlying parts of the body

A

peripheral nervous system

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51
Q

subdivision of peripheral nervous system

A

autonomic nervous system

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52
Q

branching projection of neurons

A

dendrites

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53
Q

forms myelin outside of central nervous system (in PNS)

A

schwann cell

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54
Q

also known as efferent

A

motor neuron

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55
Q

gaps between adjacent schwann cells

A

nodes of ranvier

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56
Q

groups of wrapped axons

A

fascicles

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57
Q

tough sheath that covers the whole nerve

A

epineurium

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58
Q

simplest kind of reflect arc

A

two neuron arc

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59
Q

three neuron arcs consist of 3 kinds of neurons

A

sensory
interneuron
motor

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60
Q

impulse conduction in a reflex arc normally starts in

A

receptors

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61
Q

a _____ is the gap that serves as a junction where impulses are transmitted from one neuron to another neuron

A

synapse

62
Q

a _____ is the response to impulse conduction over reflex arcs

A

reflex

63
Q

contraction of a muscle that causes it to pull away from an irritating stimulus is known as the _____

A

withdrawal reflex

64
Q

a ______ is a group of nerve cell bodies in PNS

A

ganglion

65
Q

all _____ lie entirely within gray matter of the cns

A

interneurons

66
Q

in a patellar reflex , the nerve impulses that reach the quadriceps muscles (the effector) results in the classic _____ response

A

knee jerk

67
Q

_____ is composed of cell bodies and unmyelinated axons and dendrites

A

gray matter

68
Q

_____ do not continually race along every nerve cells surface

A

nerve impulses

69
Q

when a ______ acts on a neuron, it increases the permeability of the stimulated point of its membrane to sodium ions

A

stimulus

70
Q

an inward of positive ions leaves ______ of negative ions outside

A

excess

71
Q

the plasma membrane of the _____ neuron makes up a portion of the synapse

A

postsynaptic

72
Q

a synaptic knob is a tiny bulge at the end of the _______ neurons axon

A

presynaptic

73
Q

acetylcholine is an example of

A

neurotransmitter

74
Q

________ are chemicals that allow neurons to communicate with one another

A

neurotransmitters

75
Q

neurotransmitters are distributed _____ into groups of neurons

A

specifically

76
Q

catecholamines may play a role in ______ production

A

sleep

77
Q

endorphins and enkephalins are neurotransmitters that inhibit conduction of ______ impulses

A

pain

78
Q

what is part of the brain stem

A

midbrain
pons
medulla

79
Q

function of brain stem

A

sensory impulses
motor impulses
heart beat, respiration, blood vessel diameter

80
Q

parts of diencephalon

A

thalamus
hypothalamus
pineal gland

81
Q

ADH is produced by the

A

hypothalamus

82
Q

function of hypothalamus

A

control heart beat
constrict / dilation of blood vessels
contract stomach and intestines
release hormones

83
Q

parts of brain that help with sensation and emotion and arousal and alertness

A

thalamus

84
Q

ridges

A

gyri

85
Q

grooves

A

sulci

86
Q

deepest sulci separates lobes of brain

A

fissures

87
Q

functions of cerebrum

A

movement
consciousness
memory
sensations

88
Q

area of cerebrum responsible for perception of sound in _____ lobe

A

temporal

89
Q

visual perception is located in the _______ lobe

A

occipital

90
Q

function of cerebellum

A

equilibrium
movements
posture

91
Q

interior of cerebrum are few islands of grey matter known as

A

basal ganglia

92
Q

parkinson’s disease is a disease of the

A

cerebral basal nuclei

93
Q

spinal cord is approximately _____ inches long

A

17-18

94
Q

spinal cord ends at the bottom of the

A

lumbar vertebra

95
Q

bundles of myelinated nerve fibers _____, make up white outer columns of the spinal cord

A

spinal tracts

96
Q

tracts are functional organizations in that all the axons that compose a tract serve ____ function

A

one

97
Q

1 olfactory

A

smell
sensory

98
Q

2 optic

A

vision
sensory

99
Q

3 oculomotor

A

eye movement
motor

100
Q

4 trochlear

A

eye movements

motor

101
Q

5 trigeminal

A

face, scalp, teeth, chewing movements

sensory & motor

102
Q

6 abducens

A

eye movements
motor

103
Q

7 facial

A

sense of taste & contraction of expressions

sensory & motor

104
Q

8 vestibulo cochlear

A

hearing & balance

sensory

105
Q

9 glossopharyngeal

A

throat, taste, swallowing movements

sensory & motor

106
Q

10 vagus

A

slowing heart beat, voice production, acceleration of peristalsis

sensory & motor

107
Q

11 accessory

A

shoulder & head movements
motor

108
Q

12 hypoglossal

A

tongue movements
motor

109
Q

which cranial nerves have both sensory and motor

A

5 trigeminal
7 facial
9 glossopharyngeal
10 vagus

110
Q

which cranial nerves control motor eye movements

A

3 oculomotor
4 trochlear
6 abducens

111
Q

sensory cranial nerves

A

1 olfactory
2 optic
8 vestibulo cochlear

112
Q

motor cranial nerves

A

3 oculomotor
4 trochlear
6 abducens
11 accessory
12 hypoglossal

113
Q

spinal nerves contain

A

nerve plexus

114
Q

motor neurons that make up ANS

A

autonomic neurons

115
Q

tissues to which autonomic neurons conduct impulses

A

visceral effectors

116
Q

somatic is ___

A

voluntary motor

117
Q

dendrites and cell bodies of sympathetic preganglionic neurons are located in the

A

gray matter of thoracic and upper lumbar

118
Q

another name for parasympathetic nervous system

A

craniosacral

119
Q

another name for sympathetic nervous system

A

thoracolumbar

120
Q

sympathetic stimulation results in

A

response of numerous organs

121
Q

parasympathetic stimulation frequently results in

A

response by only one organ

122
Q

your _____ is determined by the combined sympathetic and parasympathetic

A

heart rate

123
Q

meditation leads to ____ sympathetic activity

A

decrease

124
Q

bundles of axons within CNS

A

tracts

125
Q

transmits impulses toward cell body

A

dendrites

126
Q

neurons that conduct impulses from ganglion

A

postganglionic

127
Q

astrocytes are

A

neuroglia

128
Q

pia mater is

A

meninge

129
Q

nerve cells are

A

neurons

130
Q

transmits impulses away from cell body

A

axons

131
Q

peripheral beginning of a sensory neurons dendrite

A

receptors

132
Q

two neuron arc

A

reflex arc

133
Q

cluster of nerve cell bodies outside of cns

A

ganglion

134
Q

one area of brain stem

A

medulla

135
Q

fatty substance found around nerve fibers

A

myelin

136
Q

where impulses are transmitted from one neuron to another

A

synapse

137
Q

outer cell membrane of schwann cell is called the

A

neurilemma

138
Q

myelin sheath in the brain and spinal cord is produced by

A

oligodendrocyte

139
Q

myelin sheath in the nerves

A

schwann cells

140
Q

simplest reflex arc

A

two neuron arc

141
Q

a ganglion is a group of nerve cell bodies in the

A

PNS

142
Q

each synaptic knob vesicle contains chemical compounds

A

neurotransmitter

143
Q

myelin disorder

A

multiple sclerosis

144
Q

cerebrum contains

A

corpus callosum

145
Q

CVA is a

A

stroke

146
Q

cerebrospinal fluid is in the

A

ventricles

147
Q

cranial nerves contain

A

abducens

148
Q

spinal nerves have ___ pairs

A

31 pairs

149
Q

cranial nerves have ____ pairs

A

12

150
Q

autonomic neurons are

A

visceral effectors

151
Q

issues with dopamine are associated with

A

parkinson’s disease

A&P 1 (6 decks)

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