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A&P 1 > chapter 8 > Flashcards

chapter 8 Flashcards

1
Q

skeletal muscle

A

striated
voluntary
attaches to bone

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2
Q

cardiac muscle

A

striated
cells branch
heart muscle
involuntary

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3
Q

smooth muscle

A

visceral
non-striated
involuntary

moves food to stomach , hollow internal organs

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4
Q

origin

A

attachment stationary bone

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5
Q

insertion

A

attachment to moveable bone

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6
Q

body

A

muscle unit

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7
Q

tendons

A

attach muscle to bones

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8
Q

bursae

A

fluid filled sacs

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9
Q

muscle fibers

A

cells of muscle tissue

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10
Q

actin

A

thin myofilaments

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11
Q

myosin

A

thick myofilaments

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12
Q

sarcomere

A

functional unit of skeletal muscle

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13
Q

myofilaments

A

threadlike structures found in skeletal muscle fibers

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14
Q

muscles move bones by _______ on them

A

pulling

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15
Q

only the ______ bone moves

A

insertion

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16
Q

the _______ bone moves toward the _____ bone

A

insertion

origin

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17
Q

mainly responsible for producing a particular movement is called _______ for that movement

A

prime mover

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18
Q

as prime movers contract, ______ relax

A

antagonist

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19
Q

the biceps brachii is prime mover during bending, brachialis is helped or ________

A

synergist

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20
Q

maintain body position by skeletal muscle contraction called

A

tonic contraction

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21
Q

______ maintains body posture by counteracting pull of gravity

A

muscle tone

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22
Q

the point of contact between the nerve ending and the muscle fiber is called _____

A

neuromuscular junction

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23
Q

a motor neuron together with cells is called the ______

A

motor unit

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24
Q

the depletion of oxygen in muscle cells during prolonged exercise is known as

A

oxygen dept

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25
Q

adequate stimulus will contract a muscle cell completely because of the ______ theory

A

all or none theory

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26
Q

when oxygen supplies run low, muscle cells produce _______ and other waste products during contractions

A

lactic acid

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27
Q

the minimal level of stimulation required to cause fiber muscle contractions is called

A

threshold stimulus

28
Q

_____ muscles bring movement by pulling on bones across moveable joints

A

skeletal muscle

29
Q

a nervous system disorder that shits off impulses to certain skeletal muscles may result in ______

A

paralysis

30
Q

when a muscle does not shorten and no movement results

A

isometric

31
Q

walking is an example of what contraction

A

isotonic

32
Q

pushing against a wall is which type of contraction

A

isometric

33
Q

endurance training is also known as

A

aerobic training

34
Q

twitch contractions can be easily seen in

A

isolated muscles for research

35
Q

contractions that “melt” together to produced sustained contractions are called

A

tetanus

36
Q

isotonic contraction os muscle produces movement at the

A

joint

37
Q

muscle hypertrophy can be enhanced by

A

strength training

38
Q

when you move your head side to side

A

rotating

39
Q

palm of hand from anterior to posterior

A

pronation

40
Q

dorsi flexion refers to

A

foot movements

41
Q

muscle shrinkage

A

atrophy

42
Q

produces movement opposite to prime movers

A

antagonist

43
Q

proteins that compose myofilaments

A

actin and myosin

44
Q

endurance training is also called

A

aerobic training

45
Q

muscle length remains constant

A

isometric

46
Q

nerve fiber is called

A

motor neuron

47
Q

connecting bridges between myofilaments only form properly if _______ is present

A

calcium

48
Q

hamstring muscles

A

semimembranosus
semitendinosus
biceps femoris

49
Q

______ principle states when a muscle fiber is subjected to a threshold stimulus, it contracts completely

A

all or none

50
Q

muscle tone maintains

A

posture

51
Q

thick myofilaments are formed from a protein called

A

myosin

52
Q

the triceps brachii is on the _______ surface of upper arm

A

posterior

53
Q

_____ is movement around longitudinal axis

A

rotation

54
Q

_______ movements are the opposite of flexation

A

extension

55
Q

the ________ is responsible for plantar foot and sometimes referred to as the dancers muscle

A

grastrocnemius

56
Q

muscles of the head or neck

A

temporal
masseter
sternocleidomastoid

57
Q

muscles that move upper extremities

A

biceps brachii
pectoralis major
triceps brachii

58
Q

muscles of trunk

A

pectoralis major
external oblique
rectus abdominus

59
Q

muscles of lower extremity

A

sartorius
gastrocnemius
gluteus maximus
rectus femoris

60
Q

the _____ is the basic functional unit of contraction in skeletal muscle

A

sarcomere

61
Q

3 functions of muscular system

A

movement
posture
heat

62
Q

________ is the by product produced when the muscle must switch to energy supplying process that does not require oxygen

A

lactic acid

63
Q

single motor neuron with all muscle fibers is called

A

motor unit

64
Q

_______ is the minimal level of stimulation required to cause a muscle fiber contraction

A

threshold stimulus

65
Q

_______ is the type of muscle contraction that does not produce movement

A

isometric

66
Q

_____ is a contraction that produces movement to a joint and shortens muscles

A

isotonic

67
Q

_____ describes the hand position when the body is in anatomical position

A

supination

A&P 1 (6 decks)

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