chapter 8 Flashcards
skeletal muscle
striated
voluntary
attaches to bone
cardiac muscle
striated
cells branch
heart muscle
involuntary
smooth muscle
visceral
non-striated
involuntary
moves food to stomach , hollow internal organs
origin
attachment stationary bone
insertion
attachment to moveable bone
body
muscle unit
tendons
attach muscle to bones
bursae
fluid filled sacs
muscle fibers
cells of muscle tissue
actin
thin myofilaments
myosin
thick myofilaments
sarcomere
functional unit of skeletal muscle
myofilaments
threadlike structures found in skeletal muscle fibers
muscles move bones by _______ on them
pulling
only the ______ bone moves
insertion
the _______ bone moves toward the _____ bone
insertion
origin
mainly responsible for producing a particular movement is called _______ for that movement
prime mover
as prime movers contract, ______ relax
antagonist
the biceps brachii is prime mover during bending, brachialis is helped or ________
synergist
maintain body position by skeletal muscle contraction called
tonic contraction
______ maintains body posture by counteracting pull of gravity
muscle tone
the point of contact between the nerve ending and the muscle fiber is called _____
neuromuscular junction
a motor neuron together with cells is called the ______
motor unit
the depletion of oxygen in muscle cells during prolonged exercise is known as
oxygen dept
adequate stimulus will contract a muscle cell completely because of the ______ theory
all or none theory
when oxygen supplies run low, muscle cells produce _______ and other waste products during contractions
lactic acid
the minimal level of stimulation required to cause fiber muscle contractions is called
threshold stimulus
_____ muscles bring movement by pulling on bones across moveable joints
skeletal muscle
a nervous system disorder that shits off impulses to certain skeletal muscles may result in ______
paralysis
when a muscle does not shorten and no movement results
isometric
walking is an example of what contraction
isotonic
pushing against a wall is which type of contraction
isometric
endurance training is also known as
aerobic training
twitch contractions can be easily seen in
isolated muscles for research
contractions that “melt” together to produced sustained contractions are called
tetanus
isotonic contraction os muscle produces movement at the
joint
muscle hypertrophy can be enhanced by
strength training
when you move your head side to side
rotating
palm of hand from anterior to posterior
pronation
dorsi flexion refers to
foot movements
muscle shrinkage
atrophy
produces movement opposite to prime movers
antagonist
proteins that compose myofilaments
actin and myosin
endurance training is also called
aerobic training
muscle length remains constant
isometric
nerve fiber is called
motor neuron
connecting bridges between myofilaments only form properly if _______ is present
calcium
hamstring muscles
semimembranosus
semitendinosus
biceps femoris
______ principle states when a muscle fiber is subjected to a threshold stimulus, it contracts completely
all or none
muscle tone maintains
posture
thick myofilaments are formed from a protein called
myosin
the triceps brachii is on the _______ surface of upper arm
posterior
_____ is movement around longitudinal axis
rotation
_______ movements are the opposite of flexation
extension
the ________ is responsible for plantar foot and sometimes referred to as the dancers muscle
grastrocnemius
muscles of the head or neck
temporal
masseter
sternocleidomastoid
muscles that move upper extremities
biceps brachii
pectoralis major
triceps brachii
muscles of trunk
pectoralis major
external oblique
rectus abdominus
muscles of lower extremity
sartorius
gastrocnemius
gluteus maximus
rectus femoris
the _____ is the basic functional unit of contraction in skeletal muscle
sarcomere
3 functions of muscular system
movement
posture
heat
________ is the by product produced when the muscle must switch to energy supplying process that does not require oxygen
lactic acid
single motor neuron with all muscle fibers is called
motor unit
_______ is the minimal level of stimulation required to cause a muscle fiber contraction
threshold stimulus
_______ is the type of muscle contraction that does not produce movement
isometric
_____ is a contraction that produces movement to a joint and shortens muscles
isotonic
_____ describes the hand position when the body is in anatomical position
supination
