Chapter 9 Flashcards
Cosmic Radiation from the sun is from
Natural Radiation
_____ is susceptible to ionizing radiation.
DNA
The reproductive cells of an Organism are known as
Germ cells
The body contains ___ chromosomes and ____ pairs.
46
23
If a structure is sensitive to radiation we call that
Radiosensitive
A total body response to en external source of radiation given in a few minutes results in
Acute Radiation Syndrome
The use of lead aprons should be utilized over reproductive organs within _____ of the primary beam
4-5cm
Time, distance, and shielding applies to both ____ and _____.
Patients and radiographers
What is another term for Ionizing radiation?
Radiation that changes/ alters
Radiation carries with it a risk vs _____.
Benefit
When air has been expelled from a space it is called
Vacuum
What is ‘boiled’ off the filaments inside the focusing cup?
Electrons
The two most common patient interactions with radiation is
Compton and Photoelectron absorption
This interaction with matter is seen in the matter (Mev) range and not in diagnostic radiography
Pair production
The SI unit for radiation absorbed is
Gy
The amount of radiation absorbed is
RAD
Anyone that is exposed to radiation other than occupational workers will be known as the
General population
Man made radiation travels at what speed?
Speed of light
The center of the cell is called the
Nucleus
The 3 cardinal rules of protection are
Time, Distance, Shielding
Which radiation syndrome causes brain swelling and can lead to death?
CNS
What is the best defense to protect occupational workers from radiation?
Distance
The dosimeter that appears like a pen flashlight or flash drive and is not used within medical imaging personnel is
Pocket dosimeter
Another name for bone marrow syndrome is
Hematopoietic
The Nrc regulates the limit of absorbed dose to the unborn child to 0.5rem (5mSv) for the duration of the pregnancy. What is the monthly duration?
00.05 rem (0.5mSv)
To alter or change tissue and organ structure is called
Ionization
The sources of ionizing radiation are _____ and _____.
Natural and Human Made
Cosmetic radiation from the sun is a form of _____ ionizing radiation.
Natural
_____ Ionizing radiation is found in the nuclear industry.
Human Made
X-rays are bundles of _____ moving in waves in space.
Energy
_______ ______ is responsible for occupational workers exposure.
Compton Scattering
_____ takes into account the dose and type of radiation received.
Radiation Equivalent (Rem.)
The SI unit for Rad- is
Gray (Gy)
The SI unit for Rem- is
Silvert (Sv)
Annual whole body dose equivalent to general population is ____ mSv or ___ Rem.
5mSv or 0.5 Rem
The annual whole body effective dose limit for occupational workers is ___ mSv or __ rem.
50mSv or 5rem
cells are divided into two parts the _____ and ____
Nucleus and cytoplasm
The nucleus contains _____ which are made up of _____.
chromosomes made up of genes
____ are made up of hereditary information and composed of DNA.
Genes
Which cell type performs all the body functions?
Somatic Cells
The _____ cells are made up of 23 chromosomes.
Germ cells
_____ cells are the reproductive cells of an organism.
Germ
____ cells divide through the process of mitosis.
Somatic cells
The three most sensitive cells in the body are _____.
(Radiosensitive cells)
Basal cells of the skin
Crypt cells of the small intestines
Germ cells
The 3 least sensitive cells in the body are ______.
(Cell resistant to radiation)
Nerve cell
Muscle cells
Brain cells
The ___ effects has 3 stages.
Early effects
The ___ effects develop over a long period of time after radiation.
Late
The _____ stage is when the patient experiences nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Prodromal 1st
The ____ stage of early effects is when the patient feels ‘well’ but the body is actually undergoing biologic changes that lead to the final stage.
Laten 2nd
at the ____ stage of early effects the body feels the full amount of radiation exposure and will either recover or die.
Manifest 3rd
The _____ _____ can be caused by a high does of radiation given immediately but can also occur from low doses given over a long period of time
Late effects
The late effects has 2 groups called
Somatic effects
Genetic effects
Somatic effect deals with the ____
person exposed
Genetic effects deals with
future offspring
Bone Marrow syndrome can also be known as _____
Hematopoietic syndrome
_____ syndrome occurs at a dose of 2 to 10gy (200 to 2000rad)
Bone marrow
_____ syndrome occurs at a dose of 10 to 50 gy (1000 to 5000 rad )
Gastrointestinal (GI) Syndrome
____ Syndrome causes massive diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and fever
GI Syndrome
_____ syndrome occurs at a dose above 50 gy (5000 rad )
Central Nervous System Syndrome
CNS syndrome results in
Death
Lead aprons and gloves for workers must be ___ to ___ mm lead equivalent.
0.25 to 1
which monitor is most commonly used to monitor personal exposure?
Optically stimulated Luminescence Dosimeter
The maximum wear time for an OSL is
up to 2 months 1mrem (0.01mSv)
the maximum wear time for an TLD is
Up to 3 months 5mrem (0,05mSv)
The SI units for on occupational worker is ____mSv annually and ____ x _____ cumulative.
50 mSv and 10mSv x age
The equivalent dose annual limits for tissues and organs
1. lens of eyes
2. skin, hands, and feet
- 150 mSv
- 500 mSv
The equivalent dose limit for the embryo fetal exposure (monthly) is
0.5mSv
The effective dose limit for education and training exposures (annual) is
1 mSv
Medical/Dental exposure contribute the greatest
Artificial radiation
Video monitors, Suntan beds, and microwave ovens are ____ products and have very little exposure to us.
Consumer
X-rays coming out of a window will have any energies and will be measured in ____
Kiloelectron volts (keV)
