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imaging science and patient care > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Cosmic Radiation from the sun is from

A

Natural Radiation

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2
Q

_____ is susceptible to ionizing radiation.

A

DNA

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3
Q

The reproductive cells of an Organism are known as

A

Germ cells

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4
Q

The body contains ___ chromosomes and ____ pairs.

A

46
23

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5
Q

If a structure is sensitive to radiation we call that

A

Radiosensitive

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6
Q

A total body response to en external source of radiation given in a few minutes results in

A

Acute Radiation Syndrome

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7
Q

The use of lead aprons should be utilized over reproductive organs within _____ of the primary beam

A

4-5cm

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8
Q

Time, distance, and shielding applies to both ____ and _____.

A

Patients and radiographers

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9
Q

What is another term for Ionizing radiation?

A

Radiation that changes/ alters

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10
Q

Radiation carries with it a risk vs _____.

A

Benefit

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11
Q

When air has been expelled from a space it is called

A

Vacuum

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12
Q

What is ‘boiled’ off the filaments inside the focusing cup?

A

Electrons

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13
Q

The two most common patient interactions with radiation is

A

Compton and Photoelectron absorption

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14
Q

This interaction with matter is seen in the matter (Mev) range and not in diagnostic radiography

A

Pair production

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15
Q

The SI unit for radiation absorbed is

A

Gy

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16
Q

The amount of radiation absorbed is

A

RAD

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17
Q

Anyone that is exposed to radiation other than occupational workers will be known as the

A

General population

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18
Q

Man made radiation travels at what speed?

A

Speed of light

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19
Q

The center of the cell is called the

A

Nucleus

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20
Q

The 3 cardinal rules of protection are

A

Time, Distance, Shielding

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21
Q

Which radiation syndrome causes brain swelling and can lead to death?

A

CNS

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22
Q

What is the best defense to protect occupational workers from radiation?

A

Distance

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23
Q

The dosimeter that appears like a pen flashlight or flash drive and is not used within medical imaging personnel is

A

Pocket dosimeter

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24
Q

Another name for bone marrow syndrome is

A

Hematopoietic

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25
The Nrc regulates the limit of absorbed dose to the unborn child to 0.5rem (5mSv) for the duration of the pregnancy. What is the monthly duration?
00.05 rem (0.5mSv)
26
To alter or change tissue and organ structure is called
Ionization
27
The sources of ionizing radiation are _____ and _____.
Natural and Human Made
28
Cosmetic radiation from the sun is a form of _____ ionizing radiation.
Natural
29
_____ Ionizing radiation is found in the nuclear industry.
Human Made
30
X-rays are bundles of _____ moving in waves in space.
Energy
31
_______ ______ is responsible for occupational workers exposure.
Compton Scattering
32
_____ takes into account the dose and type of radiation received.
Radiation Equivalent (Rem.)
33
The SI unit for Rad- is
Gray (Gy)
34
The SI unit for Rem- is
Silvert (Sv)
35
Annual whole body dose equivalent to general population is ____ mSv or ___ Rem.
5mSv or 0.5 Rem
36
The annual whole body effective dose limit for occupational workers is ___ mSv or __ rem.
50mSv or 5rem
37
cells are divided into two parts the _____ and ____
Nucleus and cytoplasm
38
The nucleus contains _____ which are made up of _____.
chromosomes made up of genes
39
____ are made up of hereditary information and composed of DNA.
Genes
40
Which cell type performs all the body functions?
Somatic Cells
41
The _____ cells are made up of 23 chromosomes.
Germ cells
42
_____ cells are the reproductive cells of an organism.
Germ
43
____ cells divide through the process of mitosis.
Somatic cells
44
The three most sensitive cells in the body are _____. (Radiosensitive cells)
Basal cells of the skin Crypt cells of the small intestines Germ cells
45
The 3 least sensitive cells in the body are ______. (Cell resistant to radiation)
Nerve cell Muscle cells Brain cells
46
The ___ effects has 3 stages.
Early effects
47
The ___ effects develop over a long period of time after radiation.
Late
48
The _____ stage is when the patient experiences nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Prodromal 1st
49
The ____ stage of early effects is when the patient feels 'well' but the body is actually undergoing biologic changes that lead to the final stage.
Laten 2nd
50
at the ____ stage of early effects the body feels the full amount of radiation exposure and will either recover or die.
Manifest 3rd
51
The _____ _____ can be caused by a high does of radiation given immediately but can also occur from low doses given over a long period of time
Late effects
52
The late effects has 2 groups called
Somatic effects Genetic effects
53
Somatic effect deals with the ____
person exposed
54
Genetic effects deals with
future offspring
55
Bone Marrow syndrome can also be known as _____
Hematopoietic syndrome
56
_____ syndrome occurs at a dose of 2 to 10gy (200 to 2000rad)
Bone marrow
57
_____ syndrome occurs at a dose of 10 to 50 gy (1000 to 5000 rad )
Gastrointestinal (GI) Syndrome
58
____ Syndrome causes massive diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and fever
GI Syndrome
59
_____ syndrome occurs at a dose above 50 gy (5000 rad )
Central Nervous System Syndrome
60
CNS syndrome results in
Death
61
Lead aprons and gloves for workers must be ___ to ___ mm lead equivalent.
0.25 to 1
62
which monitor is most commonly used to monitor personal exposure?
Optically stimulated Luminescence Dosimeter
63
The maximum wear time for an OSL is
up to 2 months 1mrem (0.01mSv)
64
the maximum wear time for an TLD is
Up to 3 months 5mrem (0,05mSv)
65
The SI units for on occupational worker is ____mSv annually and ____ x _____ cumulative.
50 mSv and 10mSv x age
66
The equivalent dose annual limits for tissues and organs 1. lens of eyes 2. skin, hands, and feet
1. 150 mSv 2. 500 mSv
67
The equivalent dose limit for the embryo fetal exposure (monthly) is
0.5mSv
68
The effective dose limit for education and training exposures (annual) is
1 mSv
69
Medical/Dental exposure contribute the greatest
Artificial radiation
70
Video monitors, Suntan beds, and microwave ovens are ____ products and have very little exposure to us.
Consumer
71
X-rays coming out of a window will have any energies and will be measured in ____
Kiloelectron volts (keV)

imaging science and patient care (8 decks)

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