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Biology > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Active Transport

A

Process whereby cells transport substances across a membrane
From low concentration to higher concentration
Consumes energy
- Endocytosis (phagocytosis, Endocytosis)
- Exocytosis

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2
Q

Adhesion protein

A

Membrane protein that helps link cells together

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3
Q

Aquaporins

A

Water channels that are membrane proteins

And selectively allow water or other uncharged molecules to pass

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4
Q

Adenosine Triphosphate

A

High energy compound
Stores a usable form of energy; releases energy for cellular reactions
Then converted to Adenosine diphosphate

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5
Q

Carrier protien

A

A protein within membranes that assists other molecules to cross the membrane through energy from ATP
Can transport specific small molecules or ions against their concentration gradient (active transprort)

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6
Q

Cell membrane

A

Selectively permeable boundary of all living cells
Maintains contents of cells
Regulates movement of substances in and out of the cell

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7
Q

Channel protein

A

Protein within membranes
Allow the passive passage of hydrophobic substances across the membrane
Enable movement of specific ions down their electro chemical gradient via passive transport (facilitated diffusion)

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8
Q

Cholesterol

A

Type of lipid in cell membrane

Provides stability and allows fluidity

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9
Q

Concentration gradient

A

difference in concentration between two different regions

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10
Q

Contractile vacuole

A

vacuole found in some freshwater unicellular organisms that maintains osmostic balance
Collects water, empties it from the cell

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11
Q

Diffusion

A

Passive movement of particles from high to a low concentration of that substance

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12
Q

Equilibrium

A

State reached when two solutions have the same concentration of solutes

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13
Q

Facilitated diffusion

A

A form of passive transport that requires a substance to be attached to a specific carrier molecule to move across a membrane

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14
Q

Flaccid

A

Plant cell that has lost water

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15
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Substance that tends to interact with and dissolve in water

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16
Q

Hypertonic

A

Describes a substance with a higher solute concentration compared with another solution
Water moves out of cells

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17
Q

Hypotonic

A

Describes a solution with a lower concerntration compared with another solution
Water moves into cell

18
Q

Isotonic

A

Solution with an equal solute concentration to another fluid

19
Q

Osmosis

A

Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane

From low solute concentration to high solute concentration

20
Q

Particle theory

A

States that matter consists of tiny particles in constant motion
Increase in motion when they have higher energy

21
Q

Passive transport

A 
The movement of molecules, across a membrane
does not require energy
- Osmosis
- Simple diffusion
- Facilitated diffusion
22
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Bulk transport of solids into a cell by engulfment and formation of a vesicle

23
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Bulk transport of a liquid into a cell by engulfment and formation of a vesicle

24
Q

Plasmolysis

A

Cytoplasm pulling away from the cell wall becuase of water loss

25
Q

Receptor Protein

A

Protein in a cell membrane that binds hormones and other signal molecule

26
Q

Recognition protien

A

A protein that acts as a marker on membranes

27
Q

Sodium - Potassium pump

A

Membrane protein that transports sodium out and potassium into cells through active transport

28
Q

Solute

A

Substance that can be dissolved

29
Q

Solution

A

Mixture of solute and solvent

30
Q

Solvent

A

Substance which another substance is dissolved in

31
Q

Tissue

A

A group of specialised cells working together to perform a specific function

32
Q

Transport protien

A

Protein that carries molecules across membranes

33
Q

Turgid

A

Tight and rigid cell after absorbing water

34
Q

Fluid Mosaic Model of the cell membrane include..

A

Fluid (Phospholipid bilayer)

Mosaic (Cholesterol, Protien, Carbohydrates)

35
Q

Phospholipid bilayer

A

Contains
Hydrophilic phosphate head
Hydrophobic lipid tail with cholesterol(holds together)

36
Q

Cellular Respiration

A
37
Q

haemolysis

A

Cells swelling and bursting in hypotonic solution

38
Q

osmosis of plant in hypotonic

A
  1. Water enters vacuole by osmosis because cell sap has a higher concentration
  2. Vacuole expands and cytoplasm is pushed against wall
  3. No more water can enter the cell (Turgid)
  4. Cell wall prevents bursting
39
Q

Osmosis of plant in hypertonic solution

A
  1. Water leaves vacuole by osmosis because cell sap has a lower concentration
  2. Vacuole contracts, releasing water and cytoplasm moves inwards
  3. Plant becomes more flaccid
40
Q

Exocytosis

A

Large molecules held in membrane bound vesicles are transported to the external environment
-Fuses with cell membrane to release content

Biology (11 decks)

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