Chapter 9 Flashcards
Active Transport
Process whereby cells transport substances across a membrane
From low concentration to higher concentration
Consumes energy
- Endocytosis (phagocytosis, Endocytosis)
- Exocytosis
Adhesion protein
Membrane protein that helps link cells together
Aquaporins
Water channels that are membrane proteins
And selectively allow water or other uncharged molecules to pass
Adenosine Triphosphate
High energy compound
Stores a usable form of energy; releases energy for cellular reactions
Then converted to Adenosine diphosphate
Carrier protien
A protein within membranes that assists other molecules to cross the membrane through energy from ATP
Can transport specific small molecules or ions against their concentration gradient (active transprort)
Cell membrane
Selectively permeable boundary of all living cells
Maintains contents of cells
Regulates movement of substances in and out of the cell
Channel protein
Protein within membranes
Allow the passive passage of hydrophobic substances across the membrane
Enable movement of specific ions down their electro chemical gradient via passive transport (facilitated diffusion)
Cholesterol
Type of lipid in cell membrane
Provides stability and allows fluidity
Concentration gradient
difference in concentration between two different regions
Contractile vacuole
vacuole found in some freshwater unicellular organisms that maintains osmostic balance
Collects water, empties it from the cell
Diffusion
Passive movement of particles from high to a low concentration of that substance
Equilibrium
State reached when two solutions have the same concentration of solutes
Facilitated diffusion
A form of passive transport that requires a substance to be attached to a specific carrier molecule to move across a membrane
Flaccid
Plant cell that has lost water
Hydrophilic
Substance that tends to interact with and dissolve in water
Hypertonic
Describes a substance with a higher solute concentration compared with another solution
Water moves out of cells
Hypotonic
Describes a solution with a lower concerntration compared with another solution
Water moves into cell
Isotonic
Solution with an equal solute concentration to another fluid
Osmosis
Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane
From low solute concentration to high solute concentration
Particle theory
States that matter consists of tiny particles in constant motion
Increase in motion when they have higher energy
Passive transport
The movement of molecules, across a membrane does not require energy - Osmosis - Simple diffusion - Facilitated diffusion
Phagocytosis
Bulk transport of solids into a cell by engulfment and formation of a vesicle
Pinocytosis
Bulk transport of a liquid into a cell by engulfment and formation of a vesicle
Plasmolysis
Cytoplasm pulling away from the cell wall becuase of water loss
Receptor Protein
Protein in a cell membrane that binds hormones and other signal molecule
Recognition protien
A protein that acts as a marker on membranes
Sodium - Potassium pump
Membrane protein that transports sodium out and potassium into cells through active transport
Solute
Substance that can be dissolved
Solution
Mixture of solute and solvent
Solvent
Substance which another substance is dissolved in
Tissue
A group of specialised cells working together to perform a specific function
Transport protien
Protein that carries molecules across membranes
Turgid
Tight and rigid cell after absorbing water
Fluid Mosaic Model of the cell membrane include..
Fluid (Phospholipid bilayer)
Mosaic (Cholesterol, Protien, Carbohydrates)
Phospholipid bilayer
Contains
Hydrophilic phosphate head
Hydrophobic lipid tail with cholesterol(holds together)
Cellular Respiration
haemolysis
Cells swelling and bursting in hypotonic solution
osmosis of plant in hypotonic
- Water enters vacuole by osmosis because cell sap has a higher concentration
- Vacuole expands and cytoplasm is pushed against wall
- No more water can enter the cell (Turgid)
- Cell wall prevents bursting
Osmosis of plant in hypertonic solution
- Water leaves vacuole by osmosis because cell sap has a lower concentration
- Vacuole contracts, releasing water and cytoplasm moves inwards
- Plant becomes more flaccid
Exocytosis
Large molecules held in membrane bound vesicles are transported to the external environment
-Fuses with cell membrane to release content
