Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Solar Energy

A

Radiant energy from the sun which includes visible light and ultra violet radiation

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2
Q

Biogeochemical Cycle

A

The cycling of matter through living components and non-living components

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3
Q

Energy

A

The capacity to cause change, to do work

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4
Q

Food Chain

A

A model that represents the transfer of energy from one trophic level to another

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5
Q

Food webs

A

A diagram that shows how different organisms feed on each other

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6
Q

Trophic Level

A

A feeding level in a food chain

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7
Q

Trophic Efficiency

A

The percentage of energy at one trophic level that ends up in the next level

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8
Q

Detrivores

A

An organism that feeds on small pieces of dead plant or animal matter

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9
Q

Decomposers

A

Organisms that break down complex organic matter into simple inorganic molecules: includes fungi and bacteria

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10
Q

Detritus

A

Organic waste including faeces and dead tissues

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11
Q

Zooplankton

A

Term for the tiny heterotrophic organisms present in bodies of water

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12
Q

Phytoplankton

A

Term for tiny photosynthetic organisms present in bodies of water

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13
Q

Pyramid of Numbers

A

Shows the number/ population of individual organisms at each trophic level in a given area

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14
Q

Pyramid of Biomass

A

Shows the relationship between the total amount of organic matter at each trophic level

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15
Q

Pyramid of Energy

A

Shows the rate at which energy is transferred from one trophic level to another in a given area

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16
Q

Reservoirs

A

An abiotic or biotic component of a biochemical cycle that holds matter for a long time

17
Q

Carbon Cycle

A

The biochemical cycle in which carbon moves through biotic and abiotic reservoirs in ecosystems

18
Q

Carbon Sinks

A

Biochemical reservoirs store carbon because it absorbs more carbon than it releases

19
Q

Nitrogen cycle steps

A
  1. Ammonification - waste the in soil is turned into ammonia by ammonifying bacteria and fungi on Plant nodules
  2. Nitrification - Ammonia is turned into nitrites by nitrifying bacteria
  3. Nitrification 2- Nitrites turned into nitrates by nitrifying bacteria
  4. Assimilation - Nitrates are absorbed by plants
  5. Denitrification - Denitrifying bacteria convert nitrates into gaseous nitrogen
20
Q

Ecological Niche

A

The role an organism has in its ecosystem and the condition required for it to persist

21
Q

Fundamental Niche

A

The potential role an organism could fulfill if there were no competitors, parasites or preditors

22
Q

Realised Niche

A

The actual niche a species inhabits

23
Q

Resource Partitioning

A

The divided use of resources that allow a number of species to coexist in an ecosytem

24
Q

Competitive exclusivity

A

The theory that no two similar species can occupy the same ecological niche for an extended period of time

25
Keystone species
A species of relatively low abundance that has a disproportionately large influence on lower trophic levels
26
Where is energy lost in food chains?
90% percent of the energy is lost to the surroundings as heat and chemical energy from bodily functions.
27
Biomass
The total mass of biological matter in a given area that can be used as an energy source
28
Photosynthesis Equation
Carbon dioxide + wate ---light enegry +chlorophyll----> glucose + energy
29
Heterotrophs
An organism that cannot synthesize its own organic compounds from simple inorganic material; rely on other organisms for their energy
30
Productivity
Percentage of energy entering an ecosystem
31
Gross primary productivity
The total organic matter in an ecosystem produced by photosynthesis
32
Cellular respiration equation
Glucose + Oxygen ----> Carbon dioxide + water