Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Chapter 10 Key Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Key Terms Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Activation Energy

A

The minimum amount of initial energy required to start a chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Active site

A

The place on the surface of an enzyme molecules where substrate molecules attach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ADP (Adenosine diphosphate)

A

A low energy compound, converted to Adenosine triphosphate for energy storage when it gains a phosphate group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Aerobic respiration

A

A type of cellular respiration that takes place in the cytosol and mitochondria in the presence of oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Catabolic reaction

A

The reactions in living things that invlolve the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Catabolic reaction

A

The reactions in living things that invlolve the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones and usually release energy from breaking bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance that speeds up chemical reactions without being used up in the reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Cellular respiration

A

A biochemical process that occurs in the cytosol and mitochondria

  • metabolises organic compounds (glucose) aerobically in the form of ATP,
  • Products of anaerobic, respiration vary between organisms (plants, yeast, bacteria)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Coenzyme

A

A small, non-protein organic substance that must be present in addition to an enzyme to catalyse a certain reaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Cofactor

A

A small, inorganic substance that must be present in addition to an enzyme to catalyse a certain reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Denatured

A

(Proteins) Structurally changed by factors such as pH and temperature

  • If the protein is an enzyme, the change destroys the shape of the active site and results in a loss of function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Endergonic Reaction

A

An energy-requiring chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Enzyme

A

A specific biological catalyst that increases the rate of chemical reaction without being altered itself by lowering the amount of energy required for the reaction to proceed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Enzyme - Substrate complex

A

A substance formed when an enzyme molecule and a substrate molecule join

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Exergonic reaction

A

A reaction that releases energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Glycolysis

A

A energy-yielding process occurring in cell cytosol

  • Glucose is partially broken down to pyruvate in enzyme reactions that do not require oxygen
    • First stage of cellular respiration produces two ATP molecules
16
Q

Grana

A

A stack of thylakoid membranes in a chloroplast that contain chlorophyll

17
Q

Induced-fit model

A

A model suggesting that the shape of an enzyme’s active site undergoes specific changes

  • Induced by the substrate, to achieve a high degree of specificity with the substrate
18
Q

Inhibitor

A

A substance that competes with a substrate for an enzyme’s active site

19
Q

Lactic acid fermentation

A

A form anaerobic respiration

  • occurs in animal cells and some anaerobic bacteria
    • Glucose is converted to lactic acid
20
Q

Light-dependent stage

A

The first stage of photosynthesis

  • Requires light energy, which is absorbed by chlorophyll
  • Water molecules split to produce oxygen and hydrogen ions, and ATP
21
Q

Light-independent stage

A

The second stage of photosynthesis

  • Carbon dioxide, hydrogen ions and ATP produce a carbohydrate
22
Q

Lock-and-key-model

A

A model suggesting that the shape of is an exact fi to the shape of an enzyme’s active site

23
Q

Metabolism

A

The sum of all biochemical reactions in an organism; can be divided into two types, catabolic reaction and anabolic reactions

24
Q

Phosphorylation

A

A process when a bond forms between an available phosphate group an ADP, producing ATP

25
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Biochemical process

  • Uses light energy to synthesise organic compounds
  • light-dependent and light-independent reactions occur at different sites in chloroplast
26
Q

Psychrophile

A

An organism that lives in extremely cold conditions

27
Q

Pyruvate

A

Three-carbon compound that is the end product of glycolysis

28
Q

Stroma

A

Jelly like, semi fluid interior of a chloroplast

29
Q

Substrate

A

A reactant on which an enzyme acts

30
Q

Thermophile

A

An organism that lives in high-temperature environments

31
Q

Thylakoid membrane

A

Interconnected, folded membranes within chloroplasts

Biology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions