Chapter 9-11 Test

Question 1

Agonist

Answer 1

the main muscle that contracts to perform action, also know as the prime mover

Question 2

Antagonist

Answer 2

the opposing muscle that stretches and yields to the actions of the agonist

Question 3

Origin of Brachialis

Answer 3

lower half of anterior shaft of humerus

Question 4

Insertion of Brachialis

Answer 4

Tuberosity of ulna

Question 5

Action of Brachialis

Answer 5

Flex elbow

Question 6

Origin of Extensor digitorum longus

Answer 6

Lateral epicondyle of tibia, proximal two-thirds of anterior shaft of fibula

Question 7

Insertion of Extensor digitorum longus

Answer 7

Middle and distal phalanges of four lateral toes

Question 8

Action of Extensor digitorum longus

Answer 8

Extends four lateral toes; dorsiflexion of ankle

Question 9

Origin of levator scapula

Answer 9

C1-C4 transverse processes

Question 10

Insertion of levator scapula

Answer 10

Vertebral border of scapula from superior angle to root of spine of scapula

Question 11

Action of levator scapula

Answer 11

Elevation and downward rotation of scapula

Question 12

Origin of masseter

Answer 12

Zygomatic arch

Question 13

Insertion of masseter

Answer 13

mandible

Question 14

Action of masseter

Answer 14

Close jaw

Question 15

Origin of rectus abdominis

Answer 15

Costal cartilages 5, 6, and 7

Question 16

Insertion of rectus abdominis

Answer 16

Pubis

Question 17

Action of rectus abdominis

Answer 17

flex trunk; compress abdominal contents; stabilize trunk

Question 18

two primary types of muscle fibers

Answer 18

slow-twitch fibers
and
fast-twitch fibers

Question 19

slow-twitch fibers

Answer 19

tiny fibers that contract slowly and are capable of prolonged contraction (standing for hours)

Question 20

fast-twitch fibers

Answer 20

are larger in diameter than slow-twitch and produce the most powerful muscle contractions, but fatigue quickly

Question 21

phantom pain

Answer 21

pain in a limb that has been removed

Question 22

synovial membrane

Answer 22

fluid membrane that surrounds a joint

Question 23

Origin of Trapezius

Answer 23

Occiput, ligamentum nuchae, C1-T12

Question 24

Insertion of trapezius

Answer 24

Upper: Lateral clavicle, acromion process
Middle: Spine of scapula
Lower: Root of spine of scapula

Question 25

all-or-none response

Answer 25

a stimulus must be strong enough to excite the entire fiber orr non of the muscle fiber will react

Question 26

Oxygen debt

Answer 26

Extra oxygen is needed to pay off what is used while performing strenuous activity

Question 27

abduction

Answer 27

makes the bone absent or away from the midline

Question 28

tensor

Answer 28

a muscle that holds a body part rigid

Question 29

parts of the CNS

Answer 29

brain and the spinal cord

Question 30

sympathetic nervous system

Answer 30

prepares the body for stress (fight or flight)

Question 31

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 31

prepares the body for rest (rest and digest)

Question 32

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 32

regulates smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, internal organs, and glands

Question 33

motor neurons

Answer 33

also called efferent neurons, have short dendrites and long axons and carry messages from the CNS to the muscles or glands

Question 34

Nociceptors

Answer 34

free nerve endings that respond to pain

Question 35

Acetylcholine

Answer 35

chemical that carries messages across synaptic cleft at the synapse, the space between two neurons

Question 36

Axon

Answer 36

the part of a neuron that carries messages away from the cell body toward target cells

Question 37

Dendrite

Answer 37

the receptive surface of a neuron; a thread-like projection like the branch of a tree

Question 38

Endorphin

Answer 38

a natural opiate produced by the brain to diminish pain

Question 39

Myelin sheath

Answer 39

a layer of insulation that surrounds nerve fibers and speeds up the conduction of electrical impulses

Question 40

Threshold

Answer 40

the point at which a stimulus first produces a response

Question 41

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 41

a compression of the median nerve in the wrist

Question 42

Thoracic outlet syndrome

Answer 42

a compression of the brachial plexus or subclavian artery

Question 43

Broca speech area

Answer 43

controls the production of speech with the assistance of several sensory, motor, and association areas of the cerebral cortex

Question 44

Cerebral cortex

Answer 44

outer portion of the brain where thought processes take place

Question 45

How many nerves arise from the spinal cord

Answer 45

31 pairs extending from the medulla oblongata to the second lumbar vertebra

Question 46

dura mater

Answer 46

tough mother - outermost layer of the meninges

Question 47

arachnoid

Answer 47

middle layer of the meninges composed of a delicate arrangement of collagen and elastic fibers resembling a spider's web

Question 48

pia mater

Answer 48

delicate mother - third layer of meninges and thickens into triangular processes called denticulate ligaments

Question 49

epidural space

Answer 49

a fatty cushioned area between the dura mater and the vertebrae

Question 50

subdural space

Answer 50

space between the dura and arachnoid

Question 51

subarachnoid space

Answer 51

area between the arachnoid and pia mater

Question 52

Cerebrum

Answer 52

largest and most forward (anterior) portion of the brain; functions include higher cognitive functions

Question 53

SITS

Answer 53

rotator cuff muscles - Subscapularis, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Supraspinatus

Question 54

Epicondylitis

Answer 54

tennis elbow - irritation of the tissue connecting the forearm muscle to the elbow

Question 55

isometric contraction

Answer 55

muscle shortens against resistance with no movement to the joint

Question 56

Origin

Answer 56

The point where the muscle attaches to the stationary bone